Данное учебно-методическое пособие предлагает систему упражнений, формирующих ключевые умения, проверяемые в разделе "Чтение" с использованием стратегий, рекомендуемых для выполнения различных типов заданий на основе тренировочных тестов в формате ГИА. В пособие также включены примеры экзаменационных заданий и практические советы, как затратив минимум времени, выполнить задания.

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Технологии подготовки учащихся к сдаче ГИА

По английскому языку.

(Раздел «Чтение»)

I. Введение ………………………………………………………….3

II. Понимание основного содержания…..........................................4

Задание №1

Задание №2

1. Понимание запрашиваемой информации……………………..7

Задание №3

Задание №4

1. Установление структурно-смысловых связей текста.

Восстановление текста………………………………………….10

Задание №5

1. Установление логической последовательности………………11

Задание №6

1. Контрольные тестовые задания………………………………...13

Задание №7

Задание №8

1. Практические советы…………………………………………….15
2. Использованная литература……………………………………..16

ГИА (государственная итоговая аттестация) по английскому языку (в новой форме) предназначена для выпускников IX классов общеобразовательных учреждений и является экзаменом по выбору.

Назначение экзаменационной работы – оценить уровень языковой подготовки по иностранному языку выпускников IX класса общеобразовательных учреждений с целью их государственной (итоговой) аттестации.

Экзамен состоит из двух частей:

первая часть – письменная:

Раздел 1 (задания по аудированию);

Раздел 2 (задания по чтению);

Раздел 3 (задания по грамматике и лексике);

Раздел 4 (задание по письму: написание личного письма);

вторая часть – устная:

Раздел 5 (задания по говорению: тематическое монологическое высказывание и диалог-расспрос).

Более подробно рассмотрим раздел 2 экзаменационной работы – задания по чтению:

Для успешного выполнения заданий раздела «Чтение» учащиеся должны владеть общими умениями восприятия письменных текстов различных жанров и разными видами чтения: понимание общего содержания письменного текста, понимание запрашиваемой информации. Большое значение имеют такие умения как языковая догадка (догадываться о значении незнакомых слов по контексту, по созвучию с родным языком, словообразовательным элементам); игнорирование незнакомых слов, не занимающих в тексте ключевых позиций.

Раздел «Чтение» включает 2 задания разного уровня сложности и разного формата. Необходимо отметить, что в данном разделе используются тексты журнальных статей, брошюр и путеводителей. Важно, чтобы в качестве материала для подготовки привлекались те же жанры и типы аутентичных текстов, которые даются в контрольно-измерительных материалах.

Задание В2 проверяет умение читать текст с пониманием общего содержания прочитанного. Ученику предлагается установить соответствие между 5 прочитанными абзацами связного текста (или 5 короткими текстами) и заголовками, передающими основную мысль текста (текстов). При этом в задание включён один лишний заголовок.

За каждое правильное установленное соответствие учащийся получает 1 балл. Максимальное количество баллов за выполнение задания В2 – 5.

Задания А4-А8 нацелены на проверку умения понимать в прочитанном тексте запрашиваемую информацию. Для проверки этого умения в работе представлены задания на выбор ответа. Прочитав текст, учащийся должен определить какие из предлагаемых утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста (1-True), какие не соответствуют (2-False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3- Not stated).

За каждый правильный ответ учащийся получает 1 балл. Максимальное количество баллов за выполнение заданий А5-А8 – 4 балла.

Понимание основного содержания .

Для выполнения задания на соответствие необходимо прочитать внимательно формулировку задания, т.е. утверждения (высказывания, заголовки) и подчеркнуть в них ключевые слова. Как правило, они близки тематически, поэтому надо искать различия, стараясь ответить на вопрос: «Чем высказывания отличаются друг то друга?» Определив эти различия (в виде ключевых слов), следует подумать о синонимах. В заданиях такого типа необходимо соединять с текстом различные элементы, такие как заголовки, фразы, вопросы, утверждения.

Начиная выполнять такое задание, следует определить, что нужно соединять с текстом, а затем использовать соответствующую стратегию.

Заголовки и фразы – надо быстро определить основную идею текста и его частей;

Вопросы – найти в тексте место, к которому относится вопрос;

Утверждения – найти в тексте ту же информацию, которая иначе выражена.

В данном задании намеренно используется одно лишнее утверждение (заголовок, вопрос), который не соотносится с текстом или текстами. В этом случае надо определить, какие утверждения (заголовки, вопросы) соответствуют тексту, а что является лишним.

Важно также помнить, что выполнение этого задания не требует полного и детального понимания текста, и умение проявить языковую догадку, а в отдельных случаях проигнорировать незнакомые «трудные слова», поскольку основное содержание текста может быть понято и без знания этих слов.

Примерные упражнения для выполнения заданий в разделе «Чтение».

Установление соответствия утверждений (заголовок) прочитанному тексту .

Задание №1.

Установите соответствие между заголовками A-G и текстами 1-6.Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Read the exam task.
2. Skim the texts for general understanding.
3. Read the headings and underline key words.
4. Read the texts again, identify the main points of the texts and underline the key phrases or key sentences.
5. Match the key phrases or key sentences to the appropriate heading.

1. First computers
2. Risky sport
3. Shopping in comfort
4. Difficult task
5. Professional sport
6. Shopping from home
7. New users

1. А group of university students from Brazil have been given the job of discovering and locating all the waterfalls in their country. It is not easy because very often the maps are not detailed. The students have to remain in water for long periods of time . Every day they cover a distance of 35 to 40 kilometers through the jungle , each carrying 40 kilos of equipment.

2. For many years now, mail-order shopping has served the needs of a certain kind of customers. Everything they order from a catalogue is delivered to their door. Now, though, e- mail shopping on the Internet has opened up even more opportunities for this kind of shipping.

3. Another generation of computer fans has arrived . They are neither sporty schoolchildren intellectual professors, but pensioners who are learning computing with much enthusiasm. It is particularly interesting for people suffering from arthritis as computers offer a way of writing nice clear letters. Now pensioners have discovered the Internet and at the moment they make up the fastest growing membership.

4. Shopping centres are full of all kinds of stores. They are like small, self-contained towns where you can find everything you want. In a large centre, shoppers can find everything they need without having to go anywhere else. They can leave their cars in the shopping centre car park and buy everything in a covered complex, protected from the heat, cold or rain.

5. Not many people know that, back in the fifties, computers were very big, and also very slow. They took up complete floors of a building, and were less powerful, and much slower than any of today"s compact portable computers. At first, the data they had to process and record was fed in on punched-out paper; later magnetic tape was used, but both systems were completely inconvenient.

6. Potholing is a dull name for a most interesting and adventurous sport. Deep underground, on the tracks of primitive men and strange animals who have adapted to life without light, finding unusual landscapes and underground lakes, the potholer lives an exciting adventure. You mustn"t forget, though, that it can be quite dangerous . Without the proper equipment you can fall, get injured or lost.

(Keys: 1-D, 2-F, 3-G, 4-C, 5-A, 6-B

Задание №2.

1. Установите соответствие между заголовками A-Е и текстами 1-5.Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз.

a) Read the title and subheading of the text and the instructions to get the general idea.

b) Skim the texts for general understanding.

c) Discuss the questions: What do you know about Manchester? Why isn’t the whole of Manchester getting wealthier? Can you name some of the features of ideal homes? What are the residents of Manchester worried about?

d) These words and phrases are from the text, choose the correct meaning.

1. residents (part 1) a) people who live in a place, b) poor people;

2. enoromous (part 2) a) very different, b) very big;

3. queuing up (part 2) a) waiting for, b) making a line;

4. attracting (part 3) a) making people interested, b) becoming more beautiful;

5. worlds apart (part 5) a) near to each other, b) completely different.

e)Read the headings and underline key words.

f) Read the texts again, identify the main points of the texts and underline the key phrases or key sentences.

g) Match the key phrases or key sentences to the appropriate heading.

Manchester – A Tale of Two Cities.

(Stephen Nickson comes back with a surprising report after his visit to a city in the North of England).

1. The sale of a riverside flat in Manchester for £1 million a few weeks ago shows that the heart of the city is becoming popular with the rich. But that doesn"t mean that the whole of Manchester is getting wealthier . Just three kilometres from the luxury flat in Century Buildings lies Jubilee Street, where residents live in damp, old houses which sell for only £7,000.

2. Just fifteen years ago, there wasn"t much difference in house prices in the central Manchester area. Now, the difference is enormous .

House developers, Urban Splash, are now changing an old factory into flats which will sell for up to £750,000. "Nobody could sell flats for this price four years ago/ says Tom Bloxham, who owns Urban Splash. "But now people are queuing up for them."

3. It"s not surprising that the flats like those in Century Buildings are both spacious and luxurious. With their iced-glass floors, luxury bathrooms and electronic systems for controlling temperature and lighting, they are attracting international businessmen and women. "Now, for the first time, people can find good quality housing in the centre of Manchester," says Mr Nesbit of Blue Sapphire estate agents, who were responsible for selling the flats in Century Buildings. "Even the views compare well with the best areas of London."

4. One thing the residents will not see from their apartments is Samantha Green"s council house. Samantha is a 35-year-old single mother of five, Their house is damp and too cramped for six people , and she wants to move for health

reasons. "My eldest son, Gary, is eighteen and he"s got backache at the moment. Jody - who"s six - has a bad cold. Someone is always sick," she says.

5. Samantha"s house and the flats in Century Buildings may be worlds apart but everyone in central Manchester shares a fear of crime . Fortunately for the wealthier residents, the problem has been partly solved by good security.

Samantha, though, is not so lucky. “I rarely go out at night and feel like a prisoner in my own home after dark. But that’s the way things are when you are poor, isnt’it?” she says, looking towards the river.

1. A world of difference
2. A common problem
3. The other side of the coin
4. Great changes
5. An ideal home
6. An exiting meeting

(Keys: 1-A, 2-D, 3- E, 4- C, 5- B)

Понимание в тексте запрашиваемой информации .

Для выполнения данного задания надо внимательно прочитать задание и утверждения/ вопросы. Следует продумать, какого рода информация потребуется (например, цифры, время, имена собственные, какие-то детали), чтобы определить данное утверждение/ вопрос как верное, неверное или вообще в тексте не затронутое.

Необходимо учитывать разницу между вариантом «Неверно» и вариантом «В тексте не сказано». Неверное предложение содержит информацию, которая противоречит тексту, а вариант «В тексте не сказано» означает, что в тексте ничего не говорится по этому поводу. Многие учащиеся воспринимают неупомянутую информацию как неправильную, что в результате приводит к неправильному ответу.

В заданиях такого типа порядок приведённых утверждений/ вопросов, как правило, соответствует тому порядку, в каком информация даётся в тексте.

Примерные упражнения на понимание в тексте запрашиваемой информации.

Задание №3.

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 1-10 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - True), какие не соответствуют (2 - False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 - Not stated).

1) Read the instructions to the Exam Task opposite.

1. How many sentences are there?
2. What are the sentences about?
3. What do you have to read?
4. What do you have to decide?

2) Read Sentences 1-10 to get a good a good idea what the text is about.

Match the sentences to the following topics.

1. places to stay 7........

1. how the day is organised
2. cancellations
3. what happens if it rains
4. what you need to take
5. when to pay
6. when they are open

h) staff qualifications

i) method of payment

j) who the courses are suitable for

3) Read the text to find the information you need.
For each sentence (1-10), mark the part of the text where you think the answer is. The first two are done for you.

4) Look at the sentences again.

1. Compare them with your underlined text.
2. Decide whether the sentence is correct or incorrect. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
   Exam tip!

You don"t need to understand every word in the text to answer the questions. Some parts of the text aren"t tested, so don"t worry about them.

Action Sports Camps

Аction Sports Camps provide activity holidays for children aged over five and adults. We offer training in over twenty sports at ten different centres throughout the UK. All the centres are open from April until October, and some open during the winter for weekend courses. The sports offered differ from one centre to another, so if you want to do something in particular, you should check our colour brochure.

The camps are not just limited to outdoor sports - we cover a wide range of indoor activities as well. So if the rain comes, the camps continue, although you may have to take off your football boots and pick up a squash racket instead. With the experience we"ve gained over the years, we put together the right mix of sport and activities providing sport for all, not just for those who are brilliant at athletics.

We work in small groups, children working with others of their own age, but we do all come together for social activities and meals. So different members of a family can make their own individual choices, but they get a chance to exchange their experiences later on.

Our centres offer first-class accommodation, food and facilities - and the staff are first-class too. Qualified teachers or professionals receive training from us, and many work with us year after year. We always employ qualified staff for activities such as swimming, trampolining and gymnastics, but some of the assistants organising the children"s games are students, many of whom came to the camp themselves when they,were younger.

At most of our centres, accommodation is in a hostel or tents. It is not possible for us to arrange other accommodation, but we can send you a list of what is available in the area. Most of the places are recommended to us, but not all, so we are not responsible for the quality of the accommodation on this list. Luxury accommodation is not available near our camps.

To book a place at a sports camp, complete the form and send it with a cheque for the deposit to the address below. The rest of the fee can be paid at any time, but we must receive it at least one month before your camp. Please note, to keep costs down, you are charged 2.5% extra by us if you pay with your credit card. You will receive a letter of confirmation within ten days of sending your form. Cancellations made up to a month before the camp are refunded in full apart from a 5% administration fee. Fifty per cent of the fee is refunded if a cancellation is made up to two weeks before the date of the camp. After that, no refunds can be given.

1. Some centres are open all winter.

2. The activities available depend on the weather.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

3.Action Sports Camps courses are unsuitable for people who are excellent at sport.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

4.You need to have your own sports equipment.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

5. Children and adults spend some time together each day.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

6. Some of the staff are unqualified.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

7. Action Sports Camps only recommend accommodation of a high quality.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

8. You have to pay the total fee one month after you book.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

9. Action Sports Camps charge you more if you pay with your credit card.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

10. If you cancel three weeks before your camp, you will get half your money back.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

(Keys:1-False, 2-True,3-False,4-Not stated,5-True,6-True,7-False,8-False,9-True,10-True)

Задание № 4.

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А5-А8 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - True), какие не соответствуют (2 - False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 - Not stated). Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

1) Skim the texts for general understanding.

2) Discuss the questions:

a) What is the text about?

b) What do you know about Agatha Christie?

c) What education did she receive?

d) Who encouraged A.Christie to start writing?

e) When did she work as a nurse?

f) What countries did she travel to?

3) Match the words 1-3 with their definitions A-C:

1. encourage A. a popular product, especially a book, which many people buy

2. strychnine B. persuade someone to do something

3. bestseller C. a very poisonous substance sometimes used in small

Amounts as a medicine

Dame Agatha Christie (1890-1976), the famous English "Queen of Crime", creator of world-known detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Jane Marple, was born in England on 15 Septem ber 1890 . Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller was the youngest of the three children. Her father died when Agatha was just ten years old. She received no formal education, her mother and then gov ernesses taught her at home to read before she entered and fin ished school in Paris in 1906. Encouraged at an early age by her mother to write , Agatha started writing her first stories.

On 24 December 1914, she married a pilot Archie Christie, with whom she had a daughter, Rosalind. During World War I Agatha worked as a nurse. She got a great deal of knowledge about illnesses and poisons such as strychnine. So while she was writing her detective stories she could easily describe all the symptoms of this or that illness . Her first novel "The Mysterious Affair at Styles", where she used some of her knowledge, was an immediate bestseller . In 1926 , the year of the death of her moth er, Agatha Christie created some mystery of her own, disappear ing for a time; when she was found she said that she didn"t re member where she had been. Unfortunately, in 1928 Archie di vorced Agatha.

She then travelled to the Middle East, Baghdad and Iraq. There she met her future husband, archaeologist Sir Max Edgar Lucien Mallowan. They got married in Scotland in 1930. She of ten accompanied him in his expeditions to the Middle East. In 1974 Agatha Christie appeared for the last time in public for her play "Murder on the Orient Express". When she was not travel ling the world, her and Max"s home in England was in the town of Wallingford, Oxfordshire, where she died peacefully on 12 Janu ary 1976.

A5. Agatha"s mother was against her daughter"s first at tempts in writing.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

A6. Working as a nurse helped Agatha in writing her detec tive stories.

A7. Agatha"s first detective novel was a success.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

A8. Agatha had visited all European countries.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

(Keys: A5-False, A6- True, A7 – True, A8 – Not stated)

Установление структурно-смысловых связей текста. Восстановление текста.

Для выполнения этого задания необходимо не только прочитать текст, но и заполнить пропуски соответствующими частями предложений. Данный вид задания выполняется с помощью логики и базового знания грамматики английского языка.

Сначала следует бегло прочитать весь текст, чтобы уловить его общее содержание. Затем, читая текст, содержащий пропуски, надо постараться определить, что может содержать каждый пропуск с точки зрения содержания и какую структуру он должен иметь (например, придаточное предложение с союзным словом which). Далее следует подобрать соответствующие фрагменты.

В этом задании необходимо обращать особое внимание на слова до и после пропуска. Восстановить нужный фрагмент текста помогут союзы и союзные слова, другие связующие текст элементы, согласование подлежащего со сказуемым, устойчивые выражения и грамматические структуры. Вместе с этим, необходимо обращать внимание на содержание и логику текста.

Следует также помнить, что один из предложенных фрагментов является лишним, он останется неиспользованным.

Задание №5 на понимание структурно-смысловых связей текста

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски 1-6 частями из предложений, обозначенными буквами A-G. Oдна из частей в cписке лишняя. Занесите букву, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

The earlist example of moving pictures can be found in very old cave paintings.

The animals in the cave paintings are drawn with their legs in different positions, 1)… .

Equipment existed in China in 180 A.D. to show a series of drawings as moving pictures or animaition,2)… . Animation has developed from hand-drawn pictures to using computer technology to create tens of thousands of images to make cartoons.

Probably the most famous cartoon character of all time is Bugs Bunny, a rabbit that behaves like a human. He has a great personality; he is easy-going, never raises his voice and is rarely aggressive. Most people associate Bugs Bunny with the phrase ‘What’s up,doc?,3)… .

He has appeared in many cartoons which are generally short stories in which Bugs has various adventures. Bugs has many rivals such as Daffy Duck and Yosemite Sam,4… .

One of the most popular cartoons of recent years is The Simpsons. Each member of the family was drawn so that it would be recognized by its outline. Bart Simpson, of course, has a very familiar one 5)… .

The Simpsons reflects the reality of our world 6)… . It makes fun of serious problems and exaggerates everything. The result is that we laugh at ourselves and forget our problems – for a while, at least.

The common feature of animals and humans in cartoons is that the characters never get old. Perhaps this is why many people enjoy them; they are timeless.

1. but the rabbit always manages to come out as the winner
2. and deals with everyday issues such as sibling rivalry and work related stress
3. with his rectangular-shaped head and spiky hair
4. but it wasn’t until the arrival of film-making that animation became sophisticated
5. so that is why cartoons are popular
6. which he usually says while chewing a carrot
7. which is an attempt to show the idea of movement

(Keys:1-G,2-D,3-F,4-A,5-C,6-B)

Установление логической последовательности.

При выполнении заданий такого типа необходимо хорошее понимание всех особенностей текста, что поможет расположить части текста в правильном порядке. Обращайте внимание на союзы, личные местоимения и другие слова, соединяющие части текста.

В начале выполнения задания необходимо определить первое предложение текста – оно обычно содержит общее представление темы и имеет более упорядоченную и чёткую структуру:F)- I decided to go to Cuba…

Работая над следующими частями текста необходимо найти связь между группами предложений с помощью союзов или союзных слов: C) The first problem I had…затем E)The second problem I had… и т.д.
Определяя заключительную часть текста следует проверить, есть ли между ней и предыдущей частью логическая связь, и содержится ли там вывод, соответствующий содержанию текста:D) Tourism is already having a great effect…

Если в процессе выполнения задания есть части текста, которые никуда не подходят, необходимо отложить их до конца выполнения задания. После того, как большая часть текста расположена в нужном порядке, легче определить куда поставить эти предложения: H)- I then moved for a few days…(extra)

Задание №6 на установление логической последовательности .

В данном тексте части (A-J) расположены в неправильном порядке. Расположите их в логическом порядке, чтобы текст выглядел законченным. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу, приведённую ниже. Определяя порядковый номер каждого предложения, объясняйте свой выбор. Одна часть текста лишняя.

The other museum I visited in Havana was in the Hotel Ambos Mundos. You just walk into the building, take the lift up and find yourself in room 511 where Ernest Hemingway used to live when he was writing For Whom the Bell Tolls. Inside the room there is still his old typewriter.

But the food in my hotel was very was very good. I was staying in the Havana Libre, the previous Hilton Hotel, an enormous building with a very good manager. When I was swimming in the pool, I met a young American. It was a big surprise because the USA is still blockading Cuba and it discourages its citizens from visiting the island.

The first problem I had was connected with the journey to Cuba. It was very difficult to get a ticket and all kinds of travel agents kept telling me, "We are full" or "Cuba is full".

Finally I got a ticket on a flight with Cubana, the national airline. People told me horrible stories about it, but in fact my Cubana flightwas excellent.

Tourism is already having a great effect, changing things, offering a look at other worlds, making people want more freedom. Tourists are valued and liked, and it is nice to be liked by nice people. So go to Cuba soon, before it really is full. Probably full of Americans, trying to turn it into another Bahamas...

The second problem I had was in fact my ambition to meet as many Cubans as possible. For a foreigner speaking English, it is not easy at all. By absolute chance, I landed in Havana in the middle of the International Beatles Conference. Cubans are passionate about The Beatles and it was their third conference on this subject.

I decided to go to Cuba because I"m working on a book about the Caribbean. I have already been to 23 islands in that region but somehow have not made it to Cuba, the biggest of them all.

I was fascinated to see what is happening in the country which has been cut off from others since

the Fidel Castro Revolution of 1959.

The conference was partly sponsored by the British Embassy,so I agreed to give a little talk. In this way I met some Beatles fans who live in Cuba, and they invited me to visit their homes. It was shocking to realize that they are still living on food rations- for example? Each person gets only six eggs a month.

I then moved for a few days to the main holiday resort, Varadero, which is basically one enormous white beach. But I didn"t like it. If you want to go to Cuba, it"s better to spend more time in Havana where you can get the feel of the real Cuba. Before it all changes, which I"m sure it will.

In connection with collections and museums, I visited two of them . First I went to the Museum of the Revolution. It was enormous marble corridors and is filled with the things you find in most museums. The only difference is the instead of royal jewels they show Che Guevara’s black beret and Fidel Castro’s trousers.

So there are not many Americans in Cuba, but you can see something else which is very American: old cars from the 1950s, big limos which we normally see today only in old films. They are very well kept by their owners. There are also many collectors in Cuba who keep such cars for their value for money.

(keys: 1-F,2-C,3-E,4-G,5-B,6-J,7-I,8-A,9-D)

Задание №5 на понимание структурно-смысловых связей текста и задание №6 на установление логической последовательности не соответствует типам заданий ГИА, однако выполнение данных видов заданий на уроках английского языка развивают у учащихся навыки работы с текстом, что поможет учащимся подготовиться к успешной сдаче Государственной Итоговой Аттестации.

Привожу следующие задания №7 и №8, соответствующие формату и требованиям ГИА, в качестве примера экзаменационной работы.

Задание №7.

Установите соответствие между текстами 1-5 и заголовками A-F. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.

A. National hobby

B. Type of pronunciation

C. A new method of painting

D. Expected discovery

E. Means of transportation

F. A well-known part of town

1. Hundred of years ago there were stories about a large continent in the Southern Hemisphere. People called it "terra australis incognita", or "the unknown southern land".
   But no one could say what it was like and whether it was inhabited until the Dutch discovered it in 1606. Willem Jansz was the first European known to sight the continent.

1. The Welsh are known in Great Britain for their singing. They like singing together. Choral singing is a national art and every village has more than one choir. The Welsh sing everywhere - in competitions, on holidays, in a bus. People like to sing loudly. There are
   singing competitions in a festival of Welsh culture.

1. The East End is especially famous as the centre of clothing industry in London. For centuries people from abroad have come to find work there. Traditionally someone born in
   the East End is known as a cockney although this name is now given to anyone who speaks like a Londoner. Typically they change certain vowel sounds and have a few problems with "th" and use "f instead.

1. John Trumbull (1756 - 1843) was the first American artist to produce history paintings dealing with contemporary American events. His work "The Declaration of Independence" is a painting of particular historical significance. Of the forty-eight figures crowded into the canvas, thirty-six were painted from life. Standing at the table before John Hancock are John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert R. Livingston, Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin.

1. There are two main kinds of buses in London: the red double-decker and the single-decker.
   The single-decker buses travel between the main stations and stop at fewer stops than the double-deckers. The double-deckers have seats for 65 people. Only five people are allowed
   to stand when the seats are full. So the conductor may stop you getting on the bus if there are five passengers already standing.

(Keys: 1-D,2-A,3-B,4-C,5-E)

Задание №8 .

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А5 - А8 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 - TRUE), какие не соответствуют (2 - FALSE) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 - NOT STATED).

Every day Peru"s Machu Picchu, the Lost City of the Incas, is rediscovered by at least 1,000 tourists who are slowly destroying one of the wonders of the world. More people now come to this sacred citadel in a week than ever lived there in its 15th-century prime. The attempt to improve facilities for international visitors - better hotels, a helicopter service, and a planned cable car to replace the bus trip up the mountain - has only made the wear and tear worse.

For nearly 500 years Machu Picchu was covered by impenetrable rainforests until in 1911, an American scholar-explorer, Hiram Bingham, stumbled upon it whilst he was looking for Vilacamba, the last refuge of the Incas from the Spanish conquerors.

It"s easy to see why so many want to flock here. The sight of the emerald green grass slopes and stone-coloured remains of Machu Picchu, flanked by its awesome, snow-capped peaks, is utterly breathtaking.

It seems now, however, that Machu Picchu is falling victim to its own success. The primary concern is that the high volume of visitors is harming the site"s infrastructure. A survey by Japanese geologists at Kyoto University has suggested the earth beneath the city is moving at a rate of up to one centimetre per month.

As a result, the United Nations cultural agency wants visitor numbers more than halved, which means that visitors must now wait four to five days before getting a place on a trek. Despite this, Machu Picchu remains the number one must-see in South America. And, as such, the hunt is now on for new Inca ruins as a viable, ecologically sound alternative.

A5 The improvement of facilities for tourists is causing environmental damage.

l)True

3) Not stated

2) False

A6 Hiram Bingham set out to discover Machu Picchu in 1911.
l)True 2) False 3) Not stated

A7 Tourists must carry their the own bags while they are walking along the Inca Trail.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

A8 The United National cultural agency would like to reduce the number of tourists who visit Machu Picchu.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

В заключение хочется привести советы, которые могут быть полезны учащимся при подготовке к сдаче ГИА по английскому языку.

Задание на понимание основного содержания прочитанного.

1. Прочитайте внимательно инструкцию к заданию, чтобы чётко

Представлять, что необходимо делать.

2. Помните, что одно утверждение лишнее.

1. Прочитайте формулировку утверждений, они помогут вам сориентироваться в теме высказывания.

4 Выделите ключевые слова в утверждениях. Подумайте о синонимах к

Ключевым словам, которые вы можете встретить в тексте.

6. Сконцентрируйте внимание на ключевых словах, не пытаясь переводить текст. .

7. Не паникуйте, если в тексте есть незнакомые слова, они могут не понадобится для выполнения задания.

1. Внимательно читайте заголовок, очень часто из него можно понять тему (основную мысль) текста.

9. В тексте обычно даётся сначала основная мысль, а затем она подкрепляется дополнительной информацией.

10.Помните, что можно использовать каждую букву только один раз.

Задание на понимание запрашиваемой информации:

1. Внимательно прочитайте инструкцию к заданию, чтобы чётко представлять, что и как вы должны делать.
2. Быстро просмотрите текст, чтобы понять о чём он и, чтобы знать, где в дальнейшем искать ответы.
3. Не пытайтесь переводить текст дословно.
4. Прочитайте вопросы (утверждения). Выделите в них ключевые слова. Подумайте, какие синонимы к ним вы можете подобрать в тексте.
5. Ответы в тексте не выражены тем же языком, что и вопросы (утверждения).
6. Прочитайте каждый мини текст внимательно, чтобы представлять, какие вопросы (утверждения) относятся к этому мини тексту.
7. Выбор ответа должен быть основан только на содержании текста.
8. Выбирайте ответ «верно», если текст полностью отвечает на тестовый вопрос (утверждение).
9. Выбирайте ответ неверно», если текст противоречит тестовому вопросу (утверждению).
10. Выбирайте ответ «в тексте не сказано», если в тексте ничего не говорится по тестовому вопросу (утверждению).

Список использованной литературы:

1. Новые государственные стандарты школьного образования по иностранному языку: 2-11 классы (образование в документах и комментариях) М, АСТ Астрель, 2004.

2. Трубанева Н.Н., Бабушис Е.Е., Спичко Н,А. ГИА -2011 Экзамен в новой форме. Английский язык. Тренировочные варианты экзаменационных работ для проведения государственной итоговой аттестации в новой форме М., АСТ, Астрель, 2011

3. Тофель И.В. Английский язык Сборник тренировочных заданий 9 класс М. «Просвещения»,2009

4. Веселов Ю.С. ГИА Английский язык Сборник тренировочных вариантов. «Интеллект- центр», М.,2011

5. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

Демо вариант 2011 год по английскому языку. Раздел 2 (Чтение)

Здесь вы можете найти демо вариант 2011 год по английскому языку. Раздел 2 (Чтение).

B2 Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. First computers
2. Risky sport
3. Shopping in comfort
4. Difficult task
5. Professional sport
6. Shopping from home
7. New users
8. Digging for the past

A. A group of university students from Brazil have been given the job of discovering and locating all the waterfalls in their country. It is not easy because very often the maps are not detailed. The students have to remain in water for long periods of time. Every day they cover a distance of 35 to 40 kilometers through the jungle, each carrying 40 kilos of equipment.

B. For many years now, mail-order shopping has served the needs of a certain kind of customers. Everything they order from a catalogue is delivered to their door. Now, though, e-mail shopping on the Internet has opened up even more opportunities for this kind of shopping.

C. Another generation of computer fans has arrived. They are neither spotty schoolchildren nor intellectual professors, but pensioners who are learning computing with much enthusiasm. It is particularly interesting for people suffering from arthritis as computers offer a way of writing nice clear letters. Now pensioners have discovered the Internet and at the moment they make up the fastest growing membership.

D. Shopping centres are full of all kinds of stores. They are like small, selfcontained towns where you can find everything you want. In a large centre, shoppers can find everything they need without having to go anywhere else. They can leave their cars in the shopping centre car park and buy everything in a covered complex, protected from the heat, cold or rain.

E. Not many people know that, back in the fifties, computers were very big, and also very slow. They took up complete floors of a building, and were less powerful, and much slower than any of today’s compact portable computers. At first, the data they had to process and record was fed in on punched-out paper; later magnetic tape was used, but both systems were completely inconvenient.

F. Potholing is a dull name for a most interesting and adventurous sport. Deep underground, on the tracks of primitive men and strange animals who have adapted to life without light, finding unusual landscapes and underground lakes, the potholer lives an exciting adventure. You mustn’t forget, though, that it can be quite dangerous. Without the proper equipment you can fall, get injured or lost.

G. Substantial remains of an octagonal Roman bath house, probably reused as a Christian baptistry, have been uncovered during a student training excavation near Faversham in Kent. The central cold plunge pool was five metres across, and stood within a structure which also had underfloor heating and hot pools, probably originally under a domed roof.

B3 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A-F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1-7. Одна из частей в списке 1-7 лишняя. Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения в таблицу.

Before the Hubble Space Telescope was launched, scientists thought they knew the universe. They were wrong.

The Hubble Space Telescope has changed many scientists’ view of the universe. The telescope is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble, A_______ .

He established that many galaxies exist and developed the first system for their classifications.

In many ways, Hubble is like any other telescope. It simply gathers light.

It is roughly the size of a large school bus. What makes Hubble special is not what it is, B_______ .

Hubble was launched in 1990 from the “Discovery” space shuttle and it is
about 350 miles above our planet, C_______ .

It is far from the glare of city lights, it doesn’t have to look through the air,
D________ .

And what a view it is! Hubble is so powerful it could spot a fly on the moon.

Yet in an average orbit, it uses the same amount of energy as 28 100-watt light bulbs. Hubble pictures require no film. The telescope takes digital images E_______ .

Hubble has snapped photos of storms on Saturn and exploding stars. Hubble doesn’t just focus on our solar system. It also peers into our galaxy and beyond. Many Hubble photos show the stars that make up the Milky Way galaxy. A galaxy is a city of stars.

Hubble cannot take pictures of the sun or other very bright objects, because doing so could “fry” the telescope’s instruments, but it can detect infrared and ultra violet light F_______ .

Some of the sights of our solar system that Hubble has glimpsed may even change the number of planets in it.

1. which is above Earth’s atmosphere.
2. which are transmitted to scientists on Earth.
3. which is invisible to the human eye.
4. who calculated the speed at which galaxies move.
5. so it has a clear view of space.
6. because many stars are in clouds of gas.
7. but where it is.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

The Slob’s Holiday

My husband and I went to Reno for our holiday last year. “Isn’t that place where people go to get a quickie divorce?” asked my second son? ‘Yes’, I said, trying to look enigmatic and interesting. ‘You are not getting divorced, are you?’ he asked bluntly. ‘No,’ I said, ’we are going to an outdoor pursuit trade fair. The children sighed with relief and slouched away, muttering things like ‘boring’. I call them children, but they are all grown up. My eldest son has started to develop fine lines around his eyes – fledgling crow’s feet. A terrible sight for any parent to see. Anyway, the piece isn’t about children. It’s about holidays.

The first thing to be said about holidays is that anybody who can afford one should be grateful. The second thing is that planning holidays can be hard work. In our household it starts with somebody muttering, ’I suppose we ought to think about a holiday.’ This remark is usually made in July and is received glumly, as if the person making it has said ‘I suppose we ought to think about the Bolivian balance of payment problems.’

Nothing much happens for a week and then the potential holiday-makers are rounded up and made to consult their diaries. Hospital appointments are taken into consideration, as are important things to do with work. But other highlights on the domestic calendar, such as the cat’s birthday, are swept aside and eventually two weeks are found. The next decision is the most painful: where?

We travel abroad to work quite a lot but we return tired and weary, so the holiday we are planning is a slob’s holiday: collapse on a sunbed, read a book until the sun goes down, stagger back to hotel room, shower, change into glad rags, eat well, wave good-bye to teenagers, have a last drink on hotel terrace, go to bed and then lie awake and wait for hotel waiters to bring the teenagers from the disco.

I never want to be guided around another monument, as long as I live. I do not want to be told how many bricks it took to build it. I have a short attention span for such details. I do not want to attend a ‘folk evening’ ever, ever again. The kind where men with their trousers tucked into their socks wave handkerchiefs in the direction of women wearing puffsleeved blouses, long skirts and headscarves.

I also want to live dangerously and get brown. I want my doughy English skin change from white sliced to wheat germ. I like the simple pleasure of removing my watch strap and gazing at the patch of virgin skin beneath.

I don’t want to make new friends – on holidays or in general; I can’t manage the ones I have at home. I do not want to mix with the locals and I have no wish to go into their homes. I do not welcome tourists who come to Leicester into my home. Why should the poor locals in Holidayland be expected to? It’s bad enough that we monopolize their beaches, clog their pavements and spend an hour in a shop choosing a sunhat that costs the equivalent of 75 pence.

So, the slob’s holiday has several essential requirements: a hotel on a sunny beach, good food, a warm sea, nightlife for the teenagers, a big crowd to get lost in, and the absence of mosquitoes.

As I write, we are at the planning stage. We have looked through all the holiday brochures, but they are full of references to ‘hospitable locals’, ‘folk nights’, ‘deserted beaches’, and ‘interesting historical sights’. Not our cup of tea, or glass of sangria, at all.

A15 The parents’ choice of holiday destination made the narrator’s children feel
1) jealous.
2) excited.
3) alarmed.
4) indifferent.

A16 The narrator’s words ‘A terrible sight for any parent to see’ refer to
1) the way children behave.
2) the fact that children are aging.
3) the way children change their image.
4) the fact there is a generation gap.

A17 When the need for holiday planning is first announced in the narrator’ family, it
1) is regarded as an important political issue.
2) is met with enthusiasm by all the family.
3) seems like an impossible task.
4) is openly ignored.

A18 To find a two-week slot for a holiday potential holiday-makers have to
1) negotiate the optimum period for travel.
2) cancel prior business appointments.
3) re-schedule individual summer plans.
4) make a list of the things to be taken into account.

A19 The slob’s holiday is the type of holiday for people, who
1) do not want to go on holiday abroad.
2) go on holiday with teenagers.
3) do not like public life.
4) prefer peaceful relaxing holidays.

A20 When the narrator says ‘I also want to live dangerously’, she means
1) getting lost in the crowd.
2) going sightseeing without a guide.
3) choosing herself the parties to go to.
4) lying long hours in the sun on the beach.

A21 The main reason the narrator doesn’t want to mix up with locals is because she
1) doesn’t let tourists to her house at Leicester.
2) doesn’t want to add to their inconveniencies.
3) is afraid to make friends with local people.
4) values her own privacy above all.

По окончании выполнения заданий В2, В3 и А15–А21 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В2, В3, А15–А21 располагаются в разных частях бланка.

Желаем успеха!

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между
в списке 1–7 .		Используйте				утверждение,			обозначенное
соответствующей буквой,
в таблицу. Тексты и задания звучат 25 минут, оставшиеся 5 минут
	The art exhibition is worth visiting.
	Those who love ballet will definitely enjoy it.
	This book fair is a really popular place.
	The concert didn’t appeal to the speaker.
	This rock group’s new DVD is popular with teenagers.
	Despite some drawbacks the opera was enjoyable.
	The play really took my breath away.
Говорящий
Утверждение

Вы услышите разговор двух подруг. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1–А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 ), какие не соответствуют (2 ) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 ). Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Mrs. Murphy has been invited to speak on the programme because she’s an
expert on nutrition.

She believes that bad eating habits start from birth.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated She thinks that grandparents often harm children without intending to.

As a child, her son was allowed a limited quantity of sugar.
Mrs. Murphy believes that vitamins make children grow taller.

When Declan was a teenager, his food intake was controlled by his mother.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated Declan has now changed his eating habits.

		АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК		ВАРИАНТ 1
		запись дважды.
			The findings of the research
			prove what most people think.
			According to the research
			driving is more environmentally friendly than cycling.
			if you want to be environmentally friendly, you should become a cyclist.
			cycling is good for your health.
		Jane has doubts about the research because
			Duncan was involved in carrying out the research.
			the research was carried out inaccurately.
			it was initiated by an interested organization.
		Duncan believes that the findings are objective because
			the figures could be even lower in reality.
			they were confirmed by an independent expert.
			a lot of people took part in the research.
		Jane claims that cars are worse for people’s health because
			people don’t have enough exercise if they drive.
			breathing problems are made worse by car fumes.
			traffic jams are very stressful.
		The Clean Air Campaign (CAC) suggests
			stopping the use of cars in cities.
			not using cars for short journeys.
			promoting the idea of car sharing.
		Duncan and Jane were invited to speak on the programme because
			they don’t share the same opinion.
			they were involved in the research.
			both of them are very supportive.

* Задания по аудированию были предоставлены издательством Pearson Education.

		АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК		Раздел 2. Чтение		ВАРИАНТ 1
		Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G .
		Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только
		один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
			Home-cooked Food
			We are What We Eat
			Definition of Food

A. Food is any substance or materials eaten or drunk to provide nutritional support for the body and/or for pleasure. It usually consists of plant or animal origin that contains essential ingredients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and is ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth and maintain life. The right to food is a human right derived from the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

B. Packaged foods are manufactured outside the home for purchase. Early food processing techniques were limited by available food preservation, packaging and transportation. This mainly involved salting, drying, pickling, curdling, fermentation and smoking. Food manufacturing arose during the industrial revolution in the 19 th century. This development took advantage of new mass markets and emerging new technology such as milling, preservation, packaging, labeling and transportation.

C. People who have busy work or social schedules don’t have much time for cooking at home. Takeout meals from restaurants, pizza parlors and delicatessens have become a regular part of everyday life. Food can be picked up at a café, or people call in orders by phone and the takeaway meal is delivered to their homes. Ready-to-eat and instant processed foods that are quick to prepare are very popular. Snacks and junk food like doughnuts, popcorn, cookies, or potato chips are also easy to prepare.

D. The expression “as American as an apple pie” means something that is typically American, but even apple pie came from somewhere else. The only true American foods are those that the Native Americans gave the first settlers, including corn, squash, pumpkin, turkey, sweet potatoes, and pumpkin pie which are still eaten at Thanksgiving. Immigrants have brought all kinds of dishes with them from their home countries. A typical family may eat tacos (originally from Mexico), pizza (from Italy), or apple pie (from England).

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК										ВАРИАНТ 1
	How much food do you think you will eat by the time you are seventy-nine?
	The average Frenchwoman, for example, will eat 25 cows, 40 sheep, 35
	pigs, 1200 chickens, 2.07 tones of fish, 5.05 tones of potatoes, 13 000 eggs,
	50 000 loaves of bread, 1.37 tones of apples, 768 kg of oranges, 430 bags of
	carrots, 720 kg of tomatoes, 1300 lettuces, hundreds of packages of coffee,
	sugar, spaghetti, and 8 kg of dirt.
	How many cows and pigs have you swallowed already?
	Although Britain is quite a small country, it offers a wide choice of food and
	drink. The types of food people eat have changed a lot over the years for
	several reasons. People have come to Britain from different parts of the
	world, bringing their favourite food with them and often opening restaurants.
	In Britain you can find traditional food like roast beef or fish and chips and
	vegetarian food for those who do not eat meat. As well as foods from
	different parts of Britain, you can buy Italian, Mexican and West Indian
	Cakes, chocolate ice-cream… The British love them all. A meal is not a
	meal without some kind of dessert and sweet things are very popular as a
	snack too. Chocolate is the most popular sweet snack and the British eat
	more than 8 kg per person per year of it. Chocolate is almost eaten
	anywhere, any time but is very popular at Christmas and Easter. Ice-cream is
	eaten as a snack, a dessert, or with another dessert (like a piece of hot apple

B3 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений,

обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя.

Занесите цифру, обозначающую соответствующую часть предложения, в таблицу.

Can You Alter Your Memory?

Is it possible to permanently change your memories? A group of experts thinks so. And their new techniques for altering memories are raising possibilities of one day treating people A _______________________ and other anxietyrelated conditions.

Some researchers are working with combat veterans, car-accident survivors and rape victims to replace their memories with less fear-filled ones using a familiar hypertension drug. Other doctors are studying whether behavioral therapy can one day be used to modify memories of peopleB _______________________. A person bitten by a dog as a child, for instance, might be able to overcome a canine phobia if the old memory can be replaced with a less scary one.

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ВАРИАНТ 1

The goal of the research isn"t to erase memory outright, as depicted in popular movies over the years. That would raise ethical issues and questions of what would happen to associated memories, researchers say. Instead, "reducing or eliminating the fear accompanying the memory...that would be the ideal scenario," says Roger Pitman, a psychiatry professor at Harvard Medical School C _______________________.

The latest research is based on a radical rethinking of how memories are stored in the brain. Experts used to believe memories are like snapshots on which the details are fixed once they are recorded. Now, many experts accept the view D _______________________; each time they are pulled down for viewing, they can be altered before being put back into storage. Altering a memory during the time it is off the shelf can create an updated memory E _______________________, scientists believe.

Sometimes a traumatic incident can trigger an enduring response of fear whenever the incident is recalled, even indirectly. A car backfiring, for instance, can set off an emotional response in a combat veteran if the loud noise becomes associated in his mind with a wartime experience.

A common therapy currently for trauma and phobias is called exposure treatment. It involves repetitive exposure in a nonthreatening way to help patients confront their fears and gradually weaken the fear response, a process known as extinction. But with extinction, the fearful memories don"t disappear or get altered, and relapse is common, says Edna Foa, an expert on post-traumatic stress disorder at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. If extinction could be enhanced,F _______________________ , she says.

Researchers are hoping new techniques will weaken the fear response for a longer period, or perhaps permanently.

1. that memories are stored like individual files on a shelf

2. that include a speeded-up heart rate

3. that could mean more efficient treatment with less relapse

4. that can be saved in place of the old one

5. who has done extensive work in this area

6. who suffer from phobias, post-traumatic stress disorder

7. who react with fear to common anxiety-producing events

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ВАРИАНТ 1

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания А15–А21 . В каждом задании обведите цифру1 ,2 ,3 или4 , соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа.

Vacation at Home

(Life with Father by Clarence Day)

Father, Mother and my brothers went out to the World’s Fair in Chicago in 1893. I was finishing my freshman year at Yale, and by the time I got home they had gone. Father had written me that I had better follow on and join them, but I couldn’t. I had spent all my allowance. It wasn’t this that bothered me, however, or not going out to Chicago. It was the fact that I owed Warner Hall and other tradesmen nearly three hundred dollars, and I didn’t see how I could be so reckless, or when I could ever pay up. Worst of all, my creditors too had become pessimistic.

I borrowed a nickel for carfare from old Margaret and went down at once to Father’s office to ask for a job. They didn’t have any work for me down there and didn’t want me around, but it was lucky I went, because while I was there one of my creditors entered. He had come down to New York with a bundle of overdue bills to see whether he could collect any of them by calling upon his customers’ parents. It had never occurred to me that anyone would come to Father’s office like this. If Father had been there and I hadn’t I’d have been in serious trouble for Father had warned me repeatedly not to borrow money. I was frightened. The creditor said, as he left, that since my father was out, he would have to call on him again the next time he came to New York.

I didn’t know what to do. But one thing was clear. I saw I must stick around Father’s office for the rest of that summer. So as soon as my parents got back from the Fair, I begged my Father to give me a job. I didn’t need any vacation, I told him, and I would be getting a lot of valuable experience if he would let me go to work.

After thinking it over, he said that perhaps I could make myself useful as an office boy while his clerks were taking turns going on their vacations. I started the very next day at four dollars a week.

I might have got slightly better wages elsewhere, but I couldn’t have made enough anyway to pay much on my bills, and the most important thing was not to make a few dollars extra but to stand on guard at the door of Father’s office to keep my creditors out. When I was sent out on an errand, I ran all the way there and back. When I was in the office, I always kept one eye on the grated window where the cashier sat in his counter, to make sure that no creditors from New Haven were coming in to see Father.

But late in the summer I got into trouble again. The cashier told Father that I had taken hold better than he had expected, and that although I was not very accurate I was punctual and quick and seemed to be especially interested in getting down early. Father was so pleased that he sent for me to come into his inner office and told me that he had decided I had earned a vacation.

I said that honestly and truly a vacation was the last thing I wanted.

	АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК		ВАРИАНТ 1
		He explained that he wanted me to have some rest and recreation before
	college opened, and he added that he would advise me to go to Chicago and see
	the World’s Fair. I said I didn’t care about seeing the Fair.
		Father didn’t quite like this. “I have just told you, Clarence,” he said, “that I
	would advise you to go.”
		I uncomfortably made a confession. I said I couldn’t afford to go to Chicago.
	I didn’t have any money.
	Father was surprised. “What about your allowance?” he asked.
	“I’m sorry to say I’ve spent it all, Father.”
	“That was very imprudent of you,” he observed.
	I said in a low voice that I knew it.
	The narrator didn’t go to Chicago because
		he didn’t want to.
		he was busy at the office.
		he had no money.
		his parents didn’t want him to join them.
	The narrator was worried because he
		couldn’t go to Chicago.
		missed his parents.
	The narrator came to his father’s office because he
		wanted to see his father.
		was looking for a job.
		wanted to borrow some money.
		was looking for his creditor.

A18 The creditor he met in his father’s office lived in

1) New Haven.

2) Chicago.

3) New York.

4) London.

A19 The main reason why the narrator’s father gave him a job was that

1) his wife asked him to do it.

2) he needed people while his clerks were on holiday.

3) he had a vacancy.

4) he wanted to see his son more often.

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ВАРИАНТ 1

The phrase “But late in the summer I got into trouble again” implies that

1) clarence’s father wanted him to have a rest.

2) his father had met one of his creditors.

3) the cashier was displeased with his work.

4) the narrator had lost his job.

At last the narrator decided

1) to go to the World Fair.

2) to lie again.

3) to tell the truth.

4) to return to Yale.

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B4–B10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4–B10 .

Rome Universities
Rome has numerous universities and colleges.
University La Sapienza is the largest
university in Europe with more than 150 000 students
La Sapienza currently ranks amongst Europe’s 50 and the
world’s 150 __________________ universities.
At the end of the 20th century two new universitiesTor Vergata
and Roma Tre __________________.
The Moscow State Circus
The Moscow circus is one of the most popular forms of
always__________________ the circus.
In the 18th	and 19th	centuries troupes travelled round the
country__________________			mostly satirical shows.
Circus__________________ its permanent home in Moscow.
If your friend __________________ to Moscow with his/ her
children, let him/her visit the Old Circus and enjoy its clowns,
the breathtaking stunts of its acrobats and its trapeze artists.

		АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК	ВАРИАНТ 1
		Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо,
		слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных
		номерами В11–В16, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически
		соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными
		словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы
		В11–В16.
		Woman without Fear
		It was in 2007 when I first heard of Grace Wiley. Dr. Mann,
		former director of the ___________________ Zoological
		Park in Washington, D.C., handed me a picture of a tiny
		woman with a gigantic cobra.
		The snake had __________________ spread his hood and
		was staring right into the camera while his owner stroked his
		head to quiet him. Looking at the picture of that awful
		creature, I knew what a well-known writer meant when he
		described a snake as a “running brook of horror”.
		Dr. Mann told me, “Grace lives in a small house full of
		Snakes, imported from all over the
		Grace has one of the world’s finest __________________ of
		Perhaps, she is one of the few people who knows the real
		secrets of this curious business. She is a courageous woman
		and a talented _________________. Everyone respects
		I was impressed. I made it a point to call on that
		Woman. And so I did.

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ВАРИАНТ 1

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22–А28 . Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22–A28 , в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

Doctor Sadao Hoki was a highly skilled Japanese doctor. He was young and ambitious. His low, square stone house was set A22 ____ rocks well above a narrow beach that was outlined with bent pines. He liked his house very much and missed it when he was away. Sadao had been sent at twenty-two to America to study. He had come back at thirty,A23 _____ not only as a surgeon but as a scientist. Because of his medical research, he had not been sent abroad with theA24 ____. Also, he knew, there was some slight danger that the old General might need an operation for a condition for which he was now being treated medically, and for this possibility, Sadao was being kept in Japan.

A25_____ at the fog coming in over the beach, Sadao thought of his wife. He had met Hana in America, but he had waited toA26 _____ in love with her until he was sure she believed in traditional Japanese values. She was slender, beautiful and very kind. He oftenA27_ _____ whom he would have married if he had not met Hana.

It was at this moment that he saw something black come out of the mist. It was a man. The man was on his hands and knees, crawling. Then he saw him fall on his face and A28 ____ there.

При выполнении заданий С1 иС2 особое внимание обратите на то,
что ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в
бланке ответов № 2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться
экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость
соблюдения	указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного
объёма, а	также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём – не
оцениваются. Запишите сначала номер задания (С1, С2),			а затем ответ
на него. Если одной стороны		бланка недостаточно,	вы можете
использовать его другую сторону.

You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Ned who writes:

… I am going to make a report on Russian painting. Could you tell me what Russian painters are the most popular in your country? Do you and your friends often visit museums and art galleries? What are your favourite pictures and why?

As for the latest news, my elder brother has just won a prize…

Write a letter to Ned.

− answer his questions

− ask3 questions about his elder brother’s prize.

Write 100 – 140 words.

Remember the rules of letter writing.

You have 40 minutes to do this task.

Comment on the following statement.

Some people think that extreme sports should be banned.

What is your opinion?

Write 200 – 250 words.

Use the following plan:

− make an introduction (state the problem)

− express your personal opinion and give reasons for it

− give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree with it

− draw a conclusion

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ВАРИАНТ 2

Инструкция по выполнению работы

Экзаменационная работа по английскому языку состоит из четырех разделов, включающих 46 заданий.

Раздел 1 («Аудирование») включает 15 заданий, из которых первое – на установление соответствия и 14 заданий с выбором одного правильного ответа из трех предложенных. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение раздела 1 – 30 минут.

Раздел 2 («Чтение») включает 9 заданий, из которых 2 задания на установление соответствия и 7 заданий с выбором одного правильного ответа из четырех предложенных. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение раздела 2 – 30 минут.

Раздел 3 («Грамматика и лексика») включает 20 заданий, из которых 13 заданий с кратким ответом и 7 заданий с выбором одного правильного ответа из четырех предложенных. При выполнении заданий с кратким ответом вы должны самостоятельно записать ответ в соответствующем месте работы. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение раздела 3 – 40 минут.

По окончании выполнения заданий каждого из этих разделов не забывайте переносить свои ответы в бланк ответов № 1.

Раздел 4 («Письмо») состоит из двух заданий и представляет собой небольшую письменную работу (написание личного письма и письменного высказывания с элементами рассуждения). Рекомендуемое время на выполнение этого раздела работы – 60 минут. Черновые пометки делаются прямо на листе с заданиями (они не оцениваются), и только полный вариант ответа заносится в бланк ответов № 2.

Общее время проведения экзамена – 160 минут.

Желаем успеха!

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Раздел 1. Аудирование

ВАРИАНТ 2

услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между

высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными

1–7.

Используйте

утверждение,

обозначенное

соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее

утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите

в таблицу.

Тексты и задания звучат 25 минут, оставшиеся 5 минут

используйте для переноса ответов в бланк ответа.

Using computers does not always have a positive effect.

Using computers made the speaker’s work longer hours in the end.

Using computers is not as scary as it might seem.

Using computers can be frustrating.

Using computers does not necessarily help you save time.

Using computers is really effective if you have had a proper training course.

Using computers means you have to face unexpected challenges.

Говорящий

Утверждение

Вы услышите беседу журналиста с основателем эко-коммуны. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А1–А7 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 ), какие не соответствуют (2 ) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 ). Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

				Electricity for the community is generated from water, the wind and the sun.
				The community has a special room for their daily communal meal.
				The community produces all the food they eat.
				The inspiration for the community came from the green press.
				There are 25 people living in the community..
				The round house is warm and dry in winter.
		Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях А8–А14 обведите цифру1 ,2 или3 ,
		соответствующую выбранному вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите
		запись дважды.
		The first-ever single currency in Europe was
			the pound sterling.
		This currency was introduced into Europe
			about 1200 years ago.
		To show that the coin was genuine
			it was cut up into 240 pieces.
			it had a number on it.
			it was specially stamped.
		Halfpennies and farthings were introduced because
			silver pennies were not useful in everyday life.
			workers were not allowed to be paid in silver.
			King Edward I did not like to have his head on pennies.
		In the reign of Henry VII
			paper money appeared.
			the pound was replaced by the sovereign.
			the pound took on a real form.
		What happened in the 20th century?
			The Bank of England started issuing mostly paper money.
			Precious metals were eliminated from coins.
			The Bank of England didn’t produce coins during the Second World
		The radio programme was about
			the importance of having a single currency in Europe.
			the history of the British currency.
			the pound as a national currency.

B2 Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G . Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифрутолько один раз .В задании один заголовок лишний.

	Sports as Pastimes for Gentlemen		Professional Sport
			Popular Sports in Britain
	Definition of Sport		Popular Sports in the USA

A. In the USA the three main sports are baseball and American football, followed closely by basketball. Baseball developed from the British game of “rounders” (which is still played by children in Britain) in the early 19 th century. American football developed from the football played by British colonists in the 17th century. In the early 19th century it was taken up by college students and at first it was a rough, tough game with variable rules. In 1880 the standard number of 11 men and new rules were adopted.

B. Extreme sports are dangerous but they are becoming more and more popular with teenagers. They say they go in for extreme kinds of sports because extreme sport is exciting and gives them an adrenalin rush. Every year in the USA, over 700 000 young people go to hospital because of sporting injuries. Most injuries are from extreme sports like baseball, skydiving, bungee jumping, BMX biking, surfing, white-water rafting, rugby, etc.

C. Sport is a physical activity done for exercise and amusement. It is usually played in a special area and according to special rules. It is very often used instead of the words “game” or “pastime.” Among popular team sports are football, basketball, volleyball, tennis, hockey, athletics, etc. People play different sports at different times of the year, so they go skiing in winter and swimming in summer..

D. Over a century ago, the novelist Anthony Trollope listed the sports “essentially dear to the English nature”. These included hunting, shooting, rowing and horse racing. He was, of course, referring to the “gentleman class”, which through the public school system established football, rugby and cricket as national games. But hunting, rowing, yachting and horse racing, because of the expense involved, have remained primarily upper class pastimes. Attendance at Henley Regatta, the high point of rowing season, and Royal Ascot, for horse racing, remain the pinnacles of the upper class summer season.

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ВАРИАНТ 2

E. Many sports that are most known internationally originated in Britain. Football known officially as “association football” and sometimes called “soccer” is said to have been played as early as the 12 th century. The present form of the game was laid down by the Football Association in 1863. Rugby football (informally called “rugger”) arose from the game played at Rugby School, Warwickshire, in 1823 and subsequently developed into two distinct games: Rugby Union and Rugby League.

F. Organized sport for athletes with a disability is generally divided into three broad disability groups: the deaf, people with physical disabilities and people with intellectual disability. Each group has a distinct history, organization, competition programme and approach to sport. Formal international competition in deaf sport began with 1924 Paris Silent Games . These games evolved into the modernDeaflympics . Currently, Paralympic sport is popular all over the world.

G. Sports have many affinities with art. For example, figure skating, skateboarding, gymnastics, dance sport can be considered artistic spectacles. Perhaps the best example is bull fight, which is reported in Spain in the arts pages of newspapers. Arts and sports were clearly linked at the time of Ancient Greece when gymnastics and calisthenics evoked admiration and athletic appreciation for the physical build, skill and grace displayed by participants.

Раздел 2 (задания по чтению)
Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами и их
заголовками: к каждому тексту, обозначенному буквами А–G, подберите
соответствующий заголовок, обозначенный цифрами. Используйте каждую
цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.
1. The scientific explanation 5. Places without rainbows
2. The real shape 6. A personal vision
3. A lucky sign 7. A bridge between worlds
4. Some tips 8. Impossible to catch
A. Two people never see the same rainbow. Each person sees a different one. It
happens because the raindrops are constantly moving so the rainbow is always
changing too. Each time you see a rainbow it is unique and it will never be the
same! In addition, everyone sees colours differently according to the light and
how their eyes interpret it.
B. A rainbow is an optical phenomenon that is seen in the atmosphere. It appears
in the sky when the sun’s light is reflected by the raindrops. A rainbow always
appears during or immediately after showers when the sun is shining and the
air contains raindrops. As a result, a spectrum of colours is seen in the sky. It
takes the shape of a multicoloured arc.
C. Many cultures see the rainbow as a road, a connection between earth and
heaven (the place where God lives). Legends say that it goes below the earth at
the horizon and then comes back up again. In this way it makes a permanent
link between what is above and below, between life and death. In some myths
the rainbow is compared to a staircase connecting earth to heaven.
D. We all believe that the rainbow is arch-shaped. The funny thing is that it"s
actually a circle. The reason we don’t see the other half of the rainbow is
because we cannot see below the horizon. However, the higher we are above
the ground, the more of the rainbow’s circle we can see. That is why, from an
airplane in flight, a rainbow will appear as a complete circle with the shadow of
the airplane in the centre.
E. In many cultures there is a belief that seeing a rainbow is good. Legends say
that if you dig at the end of a rainbow, you"ll find a pot of gold. Rainbows are
also seen after a storm, showing that the weather is getting better, and there is
hope after the storm. This is why they are associated with rescue and good
fortune. If people happen to get married on such a day, it is said that they will
enjoy a very happy life together.
F. You can never reach the end of a rainbow. A rainbow is all light and water. It is
always in front of you while your back is to the sun. As you move, the rainbow
that your eye sees moves as well and it will always ‘move away’ at the same
speed that you are moving. No matter how hard you try, a rainbow will always
be as far away from you as it was before you started to move towards it.
G. To see a rainbow you have to remember some points. First, you should be
standing with the sun behind you. Secondly, the rain should be in front of you.
The most impressive rainbows appear when half of the sky is still dark with
clouds and the other half is clear. The best time to see a rainbow is on a warm
day in the early morning after sunrise or late afternoon before sunset. Rainbows
are often seen near waterfalls and fountains.

Подготовка к ОГЭ и ЕГЭ

Среднее общее образование

Линия УМК О. В. Афанасьевой, И. В. Михеевой, К. М. Барановой. "Rainbow English" (10-11) (баз.)

Линия УМК М. В. Вербицкой. Английский язык "Forward" (10-11) (баз.)

Английский язык

Разбираем ЕГЭ по английскому языку: раздел «Чтение»

Разбираем с учителем задания ЕГЭ по английскому языку, раздел «Чтение». Выбираем правильные ответы и объясняем решение.

Джалолова Светлана Анатольевна , учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Победитель Всероссийской Олимпиады учителей английского языка «Профи-край» 2015 год. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2014 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2007г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г.. Стаж работы - 23 года.

Недашковская Наталья Михайловна , Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель ПНПО 2007 г. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Эксперт ГИА ОГЭ по английскому языку. Проводила педагогическую экспертизу учебных изданий при РАО 2015-2016. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2013 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2007г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г. Стаж работы - 35 лет.

Подвигина Марина Михайловна , Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель ПНПО 2008 г. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Проводила педагогическую экспертизу учебных изданий при РАО 2015-2016. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2015 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2008г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г. Стаж работы - 23 года.
Трофимова Елена Анатольевна , Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2013 г. Стаж работы - 15 лет.
Читайте также:
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: раздел «Аудирование»
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: раздел «Грамматика»
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: раздел «Письмо»
ЕГЭ по английскому языку: устная часть

Раздел 2 «Чтение» включает в себя 3 задания

Задания данного раздела проверяют понимание основного содержания текста, понимание структурно-смысловых связей в тексте, полное и точное понимание информации в тексте. Рекомендуемое время выполнения данного раздела - 30 минут. Максимальный результат - 20 баллов.

1. Задание под номером 10 , за которое дается максимальное количество баллов - 7, сформулировано следующим образом:

Даются 8 заголовков и 7 текстов. Под установлением соответствий подразумевается подбор подходящих заголовков к каждому тексту. Это задание проверяет умение понимать основную идею (содержание) каждого текста, отделять главное от второстепенного, игнорировать избыточную информацию и незнакомые слова, не мешающие пониманию основного содержания.

Для успешного выполнения задания предлагаем вам следующим алгоритм действия:

1. Прочитайте заголовки (темы или краткие утверждения) и определите: что в них общего и чем они отличаются друг от друга: проблемой, отношением к проблеме и т.д.
2. В процессе ознакомления с заголовками целесообразно подчеркнуть в них ключевые слова или сделать другие пометки.
3. Глядя на заголовки, попытайтесь предугадать основное содержание текста, подобрать слова/словосочетания, которые необходимы для раскрытия данной темы/ проблемы/ ситуации.
4. Просмотрите каждый текст, игнорируя незнакомые слова и выражения, с тем, чтобы понять его основную идею.
5. По мере прочтения каждого текста отмечайте все возможные варианты ответа рядом с текстом, помечая заголовок в списке как использованный. (Не забывайте, что на бланках КИМ разрешается делать любые пометки.)
6. При возникших затруднениях с определением соответствия текста заголовку (теме, краткому утверждению), прочтите текст еще раз и попытайтесь сформулировать его основную идею самостоятельно, затем выберите наиболее близкий вариант по содержанию из оставшихся и отметьте его.
7. Если текст кажется совсем непонятным, отложите его. Подобрав заголовки к другим текстам и действуя методом исключения, у вас останется два заголовка и один текст - шансов даже просто угадать уже гораздо больше.
8. Вернитесь к тем текстам, где изначально были выбраны несколько возможных соответствий.
9. Продумайте и обоснуйте самому себе выбор того или иного соответствия с опорой на текст.
10. Проверьте правильность других выбранных соответствий. Убедитесь, что вы не использовали одну и ту же букву дважды.
11. Удостоверьтесь, что оставшийся заголовок не подходит ни к одному тексту.
12. Запишите окончательный вариант ответа в таблицу после задания.

Давайте проверим, насколько наша тактика работает на примере. Даны следующие заголовки для соотнесения с текстами:

Читаем тексты и определяем основную мысль каждого из них. Выделяем ключевые слова и выражения в заголовках. Соотносим заголовки с текстами, находя синонимичные слова и фразы в тексте и заголовках:

A. Moscow has always been a multicultural city. If we look back at its history, we will see that there were several foreign communities living in Moscow on a permanent basis. We all know about German people inhabiting the banks of the Yauza river, where little Peter, the future tsar of all Russia, ran around, made friends and got his first ideas of learning about ships and fleets. But what do we know about the British community of Moscow? Did it even exist?

(Ответ 3 : - multicultural city - 3. A truly international place)

B. The first ties between Russia and Britain were formed in the middle of the 16th century in the time of Ivan the Terrible. It was then that some wealthy British merchants founded the Muscovy Company which held a monopoly on trade between Britain and Russia until 1698. The building of its Moscow headquarters was granted to the company by the tsar in 1556 and can be still visited at 4, Varvarka Street, known to us now as The Old English Court.

(Ответ 8 : - first ties - 8. The initial steps of commerce. Возможен также вариант 4 - 4.Textile business links. Оставляем оба до конца работы с текстом.)

С. Beginning from the time of Peter the Great, several talented British military men moved to Russia. Many of them served as army generals and navy admirals, defending Russian borders in different wars and battles. Among the most famous ones were Field Marshall James Bruce, Field Marshall Barclay de Tolly and Admiral Thomas Mackenzie, all of them of Scottish origin.

(Ответ 2 - defending Russian borders in different wars and battles - 2.Country’s brave defenders)

D. In the 18th century, British industrialists made themselves known in Russia. One of the most outstanding figures was Robert McGill, who lived in Moscow and served as an intermediary between Lancashire mill engineers and the Russian cotton industry, and built over 150 mills (cotton factories) in Russia. Robert McGill had a house in Spiridonovka Street and together with his wife Jane was a prominent member of the British community in Moscow.

(Ответ 6 - intermediary between Lancashire mill engineers and the Russian cotton industry - Textile business links, т.е. вариант уходит из текста В, поскольку в том тексте нет информации о текстиле, а в этом говорится о хлопке)

E. If you talk to Moscow concert musicians who were active between the 1960s and the 1990s, they will tell you of the fantastic acoustics of the “Melodiya” recording studio at 8, Voznesensky Lane, which they lovingly called ‘kirche’, mistakenly thinking it was a German church. This building, designed in the English neo-gothic architectural style, was in fact built in 1885 by Robert McGill and is St. Andrew’s Anglican Church, which was used as a recording studio in Soviet times.

(Ответ 7 - fantastic acoustics - 7. A nice-sounding building)

F. Another spectacular example of British architecture in Moscow is the old building of TsUM next to the Bolshoy and Maly theatres. Built in the early 1900s, it was back then the biggest department store in Moscow. It was owned by Scottish merchants Andrew Muir and Archie Mirrielees. Mayakovsky mentions Muir&Mirrielees in several of his poems, while Chekhov named his dogs after its two owners.

(Ответ 1 - department store - 1. A shop that inspired writers)

G. In 1887, two other cotton industrialists from Lancashire, Clement and Harry Charnock, moved to work at a cotton factory in Orekhovo-Zuevo, near Moscow. They were both great football fans and decided to introduce this game to the workers of the factory. This resulted in the first professional football team in Russia which after the Revolution became the core of Moscow Dynamo team.

(Ответ 5 - the first professional football team - 5. Birth of a popular sport)

Лишний заголовок - 7. Governesses of rich children. Действительно, нет ни одного текста с информацией о гувернантках и богатых детях.

Заносим варианты в таблицу:

Предлагается текст (газетная или журнальная статья) с шестью пропусками, обозначенными буквами (A-F), и семь фрагментов предложений для заполнения пропусков, обозначенных цифрами (1-7). Один фрагмент предложения - лишний. Надо установить соответствие между частью текста и пропущенным фрагментом предложения. Это задание проверяет понимание структурно-смысловых связей текста.

Для правильного выполнения задания следует:

1. Просмотреть весь текст (без выделенных фрагментов), определить его тему и основное содержание, не обращая внимания на незнакомые слова и выражения.

Surviving in a Desert
A desert is defined as a place that gets less than 250 mm of rain each year. It differs sharply from the climate of a rain forest, A _________________. Arid desert lands cover about one third of the earth’s surface. Most deserts are covered with sand, B __________________. There are also usually a lot of rocky areas. This combination of sand and rock means that the soil is not very fertile. C ___________________ , some living things are able to do well in this setting. Many plants have changed and developed in ways D ________________. These changes have become apparent in a number of ways. Some plants are able to grow very quickly E ______________. They turn green and produce flowers within just a few days. Other desert plants simply stop growing in very dry weather. They appear to be dead, but when the rain returns, they come back to life and begin growing again. Desert animals have also developed many characteristics that help them to survive in arid environment. Camels can go for a very long time without drinking. Other animals, such as snakes and rats, find cool places to sleep during the day and come out only at night. The extremely long ears of desert rabbits help them F ________________. Changes like these have allowed some animals and plants to grow and develop successfully in a very challenging ecological system: the desert. There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

2. Обратить внимание на пропуски в тексте и попытаться предугадать пропущенную информацию. Например, в приведенном выше тексте, пропусках А и В вероятно изъяты придаточные определительные предложения, начинающиеся со слова which.

1) which is often in the form of hills called sand dunes
2) whenever it rains
3) to find water as far as 25 metres away
4) which can receive up to 10,000 mm of rain annually
5) to better distribute their body heat and stay cool
6) even though the desert environment is very dry and hot
7) that help them to live in the desert

Например, информация пункта 6 обычно занимает место в начале предложения и выделяется запятой, в тексте этому требованию соответствует пропуск С. Фрагменты пунктов 1 и 4 грамматически подходят к буквам А и В.

4. Читать текст последовательно, обращая особое внимание не только на пунктуацию, но и на последнее слово или выражение перед каждым пропуском. Если это слово или выражение требует определенного согласования или управления (использование герундия, инфинитива, предлога, союза и т.д.), надо искать соответствующее начало в выделенном фрагменте. Например, глагол help, предшествующий пропуску F, используется с инфинитивом, с которого начинаются фрагменты 3 и 5.
5. Если одна и та же грамматическая структура используется в начале нескольких выделенных фрагментов, необходимо учитывать смысловое содержание предложения с пропуском, а также предыдущих и последующих предложений. В случае с пропуском F речь идет о пустынных зайцах, следовательно, пункт 5 больше подходит, так как в нем присутствует информация о теле, что больше подходит к животным.
6. По ходу чтения отмечать все возможные варианты соответствий, указывая нужные буквы рядом с цифрой пропуска или нужные цифры рядом с буквами, обозначающими выделенные фрагменты,
7. Делать нужные исправления по ходу чтения, исключая уже использованные варианты.
8. Если остаются пропуски с двумя вариантами соответствий, следует обратить внимание на грамматические и лексические нормы сочетаемости и содержание текста.
9. Проверить правильность других выбранных соответствий.
10. Прочитать полученный текст с точки зрения смысла, логики и грамматики.
11. Записать окончательный вариант ответа в таблицу после задания.
12. Определить, насколько лишний фрагмент не подходит ко всем пропускам.

Проверим правильность нашей тактики на тексте. Внимательно читаем все предложение в тексте, где содержится первый пропуск. Определяем, что не хватает придаточного предложения, начинающегося со слова which. Из вариантов 1 и 4 выбираем 4 пропуск, так как предыдущая информация посвящена количеству дождя.

It differs sharply from the climate of a rain forest, A _4 (which can receive up to 10,000 mm of rain annually).

Пропуск В также сочетается с придаточным определительным предложением, но здесь речь идет о песке, т.е. подходит вариант 1

Most deserts are covered with sand, B _1 (which is often in the form of hills called sand dunes).

Как мы уже отмечали ранее, пропуску С соответствует пункт 6 по месту в предложении и наличию запятой. Проверяем по смыслу, подходит.

This combination of sand and rock means that the soil is not very fertile. C _6 (even though the desert environment is very dry and hot, some living things are able to do well in this setting).

В пропуске D также должно быть определительное придаточное предложение, отсутствие запятой дает нам возможность выбрать пункт 7, так как по правилу ограничительных и распространительных определительных предложений that используется только в ограничительных предложений, не выделяемых запятой.

Many plants have changed and developed in ways D _7 (that help them to live in the desert).

В предложении с пропуском Е отсутствует информация либо об образе действия, либо о цели, либо о причине, т.е. подходит пункт 2.

Some plants are able to grow very quickly E _2 (whenever it rains).

Для пропуска F , как говорилось выше, соответствует пункт 5 по смыслу и с точки зрения грамматических связей.

The extremely long ears of desert rabbits help them F_5 (to better distribute their body heat and stay cool).

Прочитываем восполненный текст, проверяем смысловые, логические и грамматические связи и заносим ответы в таблицу.

Ответ:

В третьем задании (А12-А18) части раздела чтения предлагаются семь тестовых заданий с четырьмя вариантами ответов (1-4), из которых только один является правильным. Как правило, это либо начало предложения, к которому предлагается четыре возможных варианта окончания, либо вопрос, к которому дается четыре варианта ответа. Это задание проверяет умение полностью понять содержание прочитанного, умение определять логические связи в предложении и между частями текста; умение делать выводы из прочитанного («читать между строк»), а также умение догадаться о значение слова (выражения) по контексту.

1. Быстро прочитать весь текст, не углубляясь в подробности для понимания общего содержания и основных событий рассказа.
2. При выполнении каждого задания внимательно перечитывайте только ту часть, где должен быть ответ. Выполняйте задание последовательно. Помните, что последовательность тестовых вопросов связана с последовательностью развития сюжета текста.
3. Прочитайте первый вопрос, подчеркните ключевые слова и найдите тот фрагмент текста, где должен быть ответ. Этим фрагментом может быть одно слово, выражение, целое предложение или абзац.
4. Выберите правильный ответ, обязательно найдя и подчеркнув то место в тексте, которое подтверждает ответ.
5. Не пытайтесь найти точно такие же слова и выражения, которые содержатся в вопросе, в самом тексте. Вам нужно найти синонимичные способы выражения одной и той же мысли.
6. Если не получается определить правильный ответ, действуйте методом исключения.
7. Если не можете осознанно выбрать ни один из предложенных вариантов, не понимаете сути вопроса, выбирайте ответ интуитивно, не оставляйте задание без ответа.
8. Таким же образом работайте со всеми остальными вопросами.

Например, дан текст:

Doctor Who
Doctor Who is a British science-fiction TV series that follows the adventures of a time-traveling alien, called the Doctor, and his human companion, as they travel through time and space in a spaceship, called the TARDIS (Time and Relative Dimension in Space), and courageously save the world time and time again. Doctor Who first aired on BBC on 23 November, 1963 and was one of the first science-fiction stories to appear on screen: 3 years before Star Trek and 14 years before the Star Wars franchise. In 1989, due to falling popularity, the show was suspended. But 16 years later, in 2005, it was brought back to the screen with a whole new cast of actors and has been ongoing ever since. It is considered to be the longest running sci-fi show in the world, having celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2013. But how has Doctor Who managed to survive for this long? What sets it apart from other amazing shows that are now over? What makes Doctor Who really unique, is that it does not have to rely on any particular actor to continue. When the Doctor is close to death, he is able to start a biological process within himself, called regeneration, that changes every single cell in his body, while still leaving his mind intact. Essentially, he becomes a different person: new looks, new personality, new everything. But one thing that never changes is his genius, and his sense of humor. This means, that every four years or so, when the actors playing the Doctor decide to move on to different projects and leave the show, the producers can find a new actor to take on the iconic role. So far twelve actors have played the Doctor. Another reason the show has been running for so long is that there is no main storyline, it is very much episodic, each episode telling a story of a separate adventure. So as long as the writers of the show keep coming up with new planets for the Doctor and his companion to visit, and new alien villains for them to defeat, the show can continue forever. Doctor Who has an unbelievably huge fan base all over the world, so big in fact, that the 50th anniversary episode aired in 94 countries simultaneously, earning it a Guinness World Record. There is also a large amount of music, inspired by Doctor Who, and since the series"s renewal, a music genre called Trock (Time Lord Rock) has appeared. The most famous Trock band is Chameleon Circuit. They produce music exclusively about Doctor Who, and so far have released two albums. Soon after Doctor Who’s appearance in 1963, novels surrounding the series started to appear. The first ever novelization came out on 12 November, 1964, almost exactly a year after the first episode came out. Since then over 150 novelizations and 200 spin-off books have been published, including some written by Neil Gaiman. Doctor Who has been an important part of popular culture for over half a century now. The show is limitless, filled with possibility: you can go to Victorian London, or to Pompeii, or to the 51st century. It can be any genre: comedy, horror, fantasy, drama, sometimes all of them at the same time. It’s clever, and funny, and sad, and makes you think. The plots are well written, and sometimes you feel like you’re twisting your brain into a knot, trying to figure out the paradoxes. But most importantly it’s kind-hearted and beautiful. No doubt Doctor Who will remain a fan-favorite for many years to come.

12. The first Star Wars movie came out in

1) 1963
2) 1966
3) 1977
4) 1989.

Обращаем внимание, что вопрос не о сериале “Doctor Who”, а о фильме “Star Wars”, находим во 2 абзаце информацию, производим необходимые расчеты и получаем год - 1977, т.е. правильный ответ - 3 .

13. Which of the following is NOT the reason why Doctor Who has been around for so long?

1) It is easy to change the actors playing the main character
2) The TV series is extremely popular all over the world
3) Separate episodes and seasons are not connected by plot
4) The writers of Doctor Who keep writing new stories.

Первые три пункта представлены в тексте как причины долгой жизни сериала, последний, четвертый, вариант является не причиной, а следствием, результатом. Т.е. выбираем правильный ответ - 4 .

14. Which of the following words does NOT apply to the Doctor as a character?

1) clever
2) human
3) funny
4) brave

При описании персонажа находим в тексте характеристики: genius, sense of humor, которые синонимичны словам 1) clever, 3) funny. А то, что главный герой борется со злодеями, свидетельствует о том, что он смелый - 4) brave. Остается правильный ответ - 2) human.

15. Which word is closest in meaning to the word ‘iconic’ at the end of the third paragraph?

1) difficult
2) famous
3) religious
4) desirable

Слово ‘iconic’ имеет смысл культовый, иконный. В соответствии с общим смыслом абзаца, речь не идет о религиозном смысле слова, остается культовый, или знаменитый, поэтому ответ - 2) famous .

16. Which of the following statements is true?

1) Trock is a music genre that first appeared in the middle of the 1960s
2) Chameleon Circuit rock group writes music for the Doctor Who TV series
3) Both albums of Chameleon Circuit are centered around Doctor Who
4) The music genre that is used in the Doctor Who TV series is called Trock.

В тексте дана информация о группе “Chameleon Circuit”.

They produce music exclusively about Doctor Who, and so far have released two albums.

Правильный ответ - 3 .

Проверяем, почему не подходят остальные варианты. В первом - неправильная дата. Во втором сказано, что музыка пишется ДЛЯ сериала, а в тексте говорится о том, что она пишется О главном герое. В четвертом пункте говорится, что в сериале используется жанр музыки Trock, а, согласно тексту, этот жанр возник под влиянием самого сериала, то есть нарушена причинно-следственная связь.

17. In the 6th paragraph the author implies that

1) the Doctor Who TV series inspired writers to create novels about the Doctor
2) every Doctor Who episode later gets published in the format of a book
3) Neil Gaiman has written some episodes for the Doctor Who TV series
4) Doctor Who is based on more than 150 books by different authors.

Слова surrounding, spin-off имеющие значение сопутствующий, дополнительный, побочный, а также даты говорят о книгах, появившихся после сериала, поэтому правильный ответ – 1.

Ответ 2 не подходит, поскольку в тексте нет информации о том, что каждая серия потом описывается в книге. Ответ 3 не подходит, так как из текста следует, что он не писал сценарий для сериала, а его книги были написаны по мотивам сериала. Ответ 4 неверен, так как цифра 150 относится к количеству книг, написанных по мотивам сериала. Это, так называемые, distractors (отвлекающие факторы).

18. Which choice is closest in meaning to the phrase ‘you feel like you are twisting your brain into a knot’ in the last paragraph?

1) You are trying very hard to solve a problem
2) You come to a dead-end while solving a problem
3) You give your brain some good training
4) You are using intuition rather than your brain.

Правильный ответ - 1, так как во втором пункте “come to a dead-end” имеет отрицательную коннотацию - зайти в тупик, третий говорит о тренировке ума, а не о решении проблемы, четвертый пункт ставит во главу угла интуицию, а не мыслительную деятельность.