Топик Henry Ford. Биография генри форда на английском языке

Henry Ford was a genius in many aspects of our everyday life. He changed industry, production, and everybody"s lifestyle. Many people know about him inventing some of the first automobiles, but what came out of it for America was a new encouragement for technology and an easier lifestyle for the average American.

Also Henry Ford has changed the perspective of industries around the world. His invention of the assembly line and his five-dollar a day wage for the average worker brought about a total new change in factories. Ford"s style and ingenuity helped America to be more prosperous and created a large amount of opulence for America in the early 1900"s, all because of one man"s creativity and determination to achieve a dream that would help out the common man and the entire world.

Henry Ford was born on July 30, 1863, on a farm a few miles from Detroit. As a boy Henry was very creative and liked to work with tools. However, he hated doing chores and he always wanted to make things easier to do in life. This would be Henry"s motto in life, always wanted to make things easier to do in life, at home or work. Ford was so creative that in 1893, he built his first engine and in 1896, he completed what he called the quadricycle, which ran for several years and sold it for $200. Ford had his second car finished in 1898 which was lighter and stronger than most cars around then. Soon enough many automobile companies were looking for somebody like Ford to help get their company going.

However, Ford would go into automobile racing and then build his own car company. Ford"s years in automobile racing was his way to improve the car and a chance to test it under competition. Soon though, he would get out of racing by a tough minded and ambitious James Couzens, who developed plans for a car company.

Couzens was able to start out the company with $28,000 in cash, and $21,000 in notes. The Ford Motor Company came out with the model A, the model B, and the model K in their beginning years. However, most of these cars were too expensive for the common man. So Ford decided that he would make a car that was affordable to the ordinary worker. For a few years, Ford and his technicians began building their next and most important car in history. In 1908, Ford brought out for the first time the Model T. It was an ugly car, seven feet high with false doors and a crank. Even though it was ugly and simple, it was modern and affordable.

Actually, it was ahead of it"s time. The car could generate it"s own electricity for ignition and it had a planetary transmission which allowed women and children to drive it. It was easy to operate and had the most efficient gasoline gauge of it"s time. The greatest thing that came out from the Model T, was it"s influence in all of America. Since the Model T was the first affordable car, which reached a low of only $260 in 1925, it allowed the average American to own a car now. One thing the Model T helped in was the improvement of the roads. With more people out on the roads, many roads were now being paved, and highways and bridges were being built for cars. Also farmers saw the Model T effective, soon the rural population was brought into the mainstream of technology. It was such a popular car, that over fifteen million were sold all over the world. However, the most important thing the Model T did, was it"s impact on connecting the people of America.

Bridges, roads, and highways were starting to be built for automobiles. Women were starting to leave the house now more because the Model T was easy to drive. Families could now go on trips and see America. Access to places was easier now, which led to the building of more stores, restaurants, and companies. This car was such a great impact, that the lifestyle we know today was created a lot by one automobile. The Model T, was the most affordable car of it"s time, but how Ford was able to make it so affordable was by his production ingenuity. The one greatest invention in industry is the assembly line. Henry Ford had a theory that if cars were manufactured all alike, they could be turned out in larger numbers at a lesser cost. That is why the Model T came only in black and they were all built the same way. Ford had the whole thing figured out. If they produced cars more inexpensively this would make them available to other people, which would lead to more cars bought. This would require better roads and create more customers which would lead to more cars bought and more reduced prices for cars.

However, Ford had to figure out a way to produce cars more inexpensively and quickly. Ford decided to install the moving belt. This allowed more than one man to try to put together a part for the car. As the belt moved along one man would have a certain job to do for that part, then it would move on to the next person. For example, the magneto would take one man twenty minutes to assemble it, but with the moving belt the process took only five minutes. Their first attempt to assemble an entire car by the assembly line was done by putting the frame on skids and pulling it from one of the building by a rope. As the frame moved along a group of workers walked by installing parts into the frame. Soon the number of man hours was reduced from 15 1/2 to 1 /2 hours. This fascinating process in industry led to the affordability of the Model T and the process in almost every industry, to produce their products quicker and easier. Ford"s ingenuity in industry was greater than just his inventions, but also his business-type approach to the workers. Ford knew that in 1913, there was growing tension from the 13,000 employees at Detroit.

Ford figured out a way to win their affection, he would buy it. On January 5, 1914, Ford announced his five-dollar a day wage for the workers, also he reduced the workday to eight hours. The average worker then in the U.S. made less than two-dollars a day. Many big industrialists thought he was dangerous and crazy. The publisher of the New York Times said " He"s crazy, isn"t he? Don"t you think he"s crazy?" Ford argued that good pay makes good workers, and well paid workers could buy more cars. Soon millions of men poured into Detroit to try to get a job.

Ford had the most effective way to keep his workers happy and still keep his company prosperous. He showed many industries how to run their company in a new style without losing any profits and the ability of increasing production also. Henry Ford was one of the most creative and determined people in the world. He had an attraction for the common people, to make their life easier and more simple. Ford did all this by the invention of the Model T.

Even tough, this was not the first car, this was the first affordable car. Also, without the assembly line and the five-dollar a day wage, the affordability of the Model T would not be accomplished. Many of Ford"s great accomplishments had changed the whole entire lifestyle of America and made it into what we know today.

Генри Форд - великий изобретатель и предприниматель, чей пример и сегодня вдохновляет нас и учит умению следовать своей цели. Мы хотим предложить вам немного вдохновения - 8 цитат Генри Форда на английском языке, которые будут мотивировать вас к учебе. Надеемся, вы возьмете пример с этого целеустремленного человека.

Многие люди боятся даже начинать учить язык, ведь их преследует страх неудачи. Им кажется, что ничего не получится, ведь в школе и университете почти все мы учили английский, но лишь немногие преуспели в этом деле. Негативный опыт из прошлого мешает нам смело сделать шаг и открыть для себя новое будущее: мы уверены, что ничего путного не получится. У Генри Форда есть замечательная мысль на эту тему.

If you think you can do a thing or think you can"t do a thing, you"re right.

Если ты уверен, что сможешь, - ты прав; если ты думаешь, что не сможешь, - тоже прав.

Все в ваших руках, в том числе и знания английского. Все-таки решились сделать шаг вперед? Тогда мы рады будем помочь вам с помощью нашего пошагового руководства « ».

Человечество веками пыталось отыскать заветный ключик к успеху в любом деле, и нам кажется, что Форду удалось его найти.

You can do anything if you have enthusiasm. Enthusiasm is the spark in your eye, the swing in your gait, the grip of your hand, the irresistible surge of your will and your energy to execute your ideas. Enthusiasts are fighters. Enthusiasm is at the bottom of all progress. With it there is accomplishment. Without it, there are only alibis.

При наличии энтузиазма вы можете достичь всего. Энтузиазм - это блеск ваших глаз, стремительность походки, крепость рукопожатия, непреодолимый прилив энергии и воли для претворения в жизнь ваших идей. Энтузиасты - это борцы. Энтузиазм - краеугольный камень всего прогресса! Только с ним возможен успех. Без него у вас есть только возможности.

Мы согласны с великим изобретателем на 100%: энтузиазм и вдохновение - это движущие силы вашего прогресса. Учеба редко бывает легкой и быстрой, иногда у нас опускаются руки и кажется, что ничего не получится. В такие моменты важно получить порцию мотивации от людей, которым уже удалось достичь успеха на выбранном вами поприще. Такой порцией вдохновения мы поделились с нашими читателями в статье « ». Почитайте статью и заразитесь энтузиазмом!

В каждой нашей статье мы не устаем напоминать своим читателям: совершать ошибки - это нормально. Перфекционизм - похвальная черта, но она будет только мешать изучению языка. Дело в том, что на любом уровне знаний вы будете находить для себя что-то новенькое, с удивлением обнаруживать исключения из правил и т. д. Но даже если вы совершаете серьезные ошибки и вам кажется, что английский - это не ваше, помните, вам это только кажется:-) Пусть вас вдохновит цитата Форда о неудачах:

Failure is simply the opportunity to begin again, this time more intelligently.

Неудача - это просто возможность начать снова, но уже более мудро.

Думаем, наш посыл понятен: не получилось осилить Present Perfect с первого раза, попробуйте повторить тему еще раз, поищите более понятный для себя учебник, например, нашу « ». Не получилось и так? Тогда ищите «своего» учителя, который будет пояснять все понятным вам языком и станет вашим «навигатором» в мире английского. Может быть, среди найдется и ваш идеальный учитель? Обязательно проверьте:-) И помните: путь к успеху часто тернист и нелегок. Вот что на эту тему сказал Генри Форд:

When everything seems to be going against you, remember that the airplane takes off against the wind, not with it.

Когда кажется, что весь мир настроен против тебя, - помни, что самолет взлетает против ветра.

А вы знали, что менее 17% людей в нашей стране владеют английским на среднем уровне? И это в век Интернета, когда нам доступны сотни тысяч бесплатных обучающих материалов, изучение языка по Скайпу, кино и литература в оригинале и т. д. Удивительно, не правда ли? Это легко объяснить, если хорошенько вдуматься в следующую цитату Форда:

Most people spend more time and energy going around problems than in trying to solve them.

Большинство людей тратит больше времени и энергии на уход от проблем, а не на их решение.

Как же преодолеть все трудности и продолжить учить язык? Советуем вам... есть слона по кусочкам, то есть разделить глобальную цель (выучить английский) на мелкие задачи: перестать путать Past Simple и Present Perfect, разобраться в условных предложениях, достичь уровня Intermediate, прочитать «Гарри Поттера» на английском и т. д. Хотим заметить, что сам Генри Форд одобряет такой подход.

Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it into small jobs.

Нет ничего особенно трудного, если вы разделите это на мелкие работы.

Теперь вы понимаете, как «объять необъятное»: нужно просто разделить его на небольшие этапы и двигаться к цели. И даже если не все получается легко и гладко, не переживайте: опыт - штука незаменимая. Генри Форд абсолютно согласен с нами в этом вопросе:

Greatest thing in life is experience. Even mistakes have value.

Величайшая вещь в жизни - опыт. Даже ошибки имеют ценность.

А подвести итог этой мотивирующей статье мы хотели бы с помощью воодушевляющей цитаты, которую подарил нам великий предприниматель. Он прошел через много испытаний, трудностей, неудач, поэтому знает, о чем говорит.

One of the greatest discoveries a man makes, one of his great surprises, is to find he can do what he was afraid he couldn"t do.

Одно из самых великих открытий, которые делает человек, один из самых больших сюрпризов для него - обнаружить, что он в состоянии совершить то, о чем со страхом думал, как о превосходящем его силы.

Желаем вам испытать подобное окрыляющее чувство, когда вы понимаете, что можете сделать то, о чем раньше не осмеливались даже мечтать. Успехов в изучении английского!

Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 - April 7, 1947) was the founder of the Ford Motor Company and is credited with contributing to the creation of a middle class in American society. He was one of the first to apply assembly line manufacturing to the mass production of affordable automobiles.

Ford was born on a prosperous farm in Springwells Township (now in the city of Dearborn, Michigan) owned by his parents, William and Mary Ford, immigrants from County Cork, Ireland. He was the eldest of six children. As a child, Henry was passionate about mechanics, preferring to tinker in his father"s shop over doing farm chores. At 13, he saw a self-propelled vehicle, a steam powered thresher, for the first time.

In 1879, he left home for the nearby city of Detroit to work as an apprentice machinist, first with James F. Flower & Bros., and later with the Detroit Dry Dock Co. In 1882, he returned to Dearborn to work on the family farm and became adept at operating the Westinghouse portable steam engine. This led to his being hired by Westinghouse company to service their steam engines. Upon his marriage to Clara Bryant in 1888 Ford supported himself by farming and running a sawmill.

In 1891, Ford became an engineer with the Edison Illuminating Company, and after his promotion to Chief Engineer in 1893, he had enough time and money to devote attention to his personal experiments on internal combustion engines. These experiments culminated in 1896 with the completion of his own self-propelled vehicle named the Quadricycle, which he test-drove on June 4 of that year.

After this initial success, Ford left Edison Illuminating and, with other investors, formed the Detroit Automobile Company. The Detroit Automobile Company went bankrupt soon afterward because Ford continued to improve the design, instead of selling cars. Ford raced his vehicles against those of other manufacturers to show the superiority of his designs. With his interest in race cars, he formed a second company, the Henry Ford Company. During this period, he personally drove his Quadricycle to victory in a race against Alexander Winton, a well-known driver and the heavy favorite on October 10, 1901. Ford was forced out of the company by the investors, including Henry M. Leland in 1902, and the company was reorganized as Cadillac.

Ford Motor Company.

Henry Ford, with eleven other investors and $28,000 in capital, incorporated the Ford Motor Company in 1903. In a newly-designed car, Ford drove an exhibition in which the car covered the distance of a mile on the ice of Lake St. Clair in 39.4 seconds, which was a new land speed record. Convinced by this success, the famous race driver Barney Oldfield, who named this new Ford model "999" in honor of a racing locomotive of the day, took the car around the country and thereby made the Ford brand known throughout the U.S. Henry Ford was also one of the early backers of the Indianapolis 500.

In 1908, the Ford company released the Model T. From 1909 to 1913, Ford entered stripped-down Model Ts in races, finishing first (although later disqualified) in an "ocean-to-ocean" (across the USA) race in 1909, and setting a one-mile oval speed record at Detroit Fairgrounds in 1911 with driver Frank Kulick. In 1913, Ford attempted to enter a reworked Model T in the Indianapolis 500, but was told rules required the addition of another 1,000 pounds (450 kg) to the car before it could qualify. Ford dropped out of the race, and soon thereafter dropped out of racing permanently, citing dissatisfaction with the sport"s rules and the demands on his time by the now-booming production of the Model Ts.

Racing was, by 1913, no longer necessary from a publicity standpoint because the Model T was already famous and ubiquitous on American roads. It was in this year that Henry Ford introduced the moving assembly belts into his plants, which enabled an enormous increase in production. Although Ford is often credited with the idea, contemporary sources indicate that the concept and its development came from employees Clarence Avery, P.E".Ed" Martin, Charles E. Sorensen, and C.H. Wills.

By 1918, half of all cars in America were Model Ts. The design, fervently promoted and defended by Henry Ford, would continue through 1927 (well after its popularity had faded), with a final total production of fifteen million vehicles. This was a record which would stand for the next 45 years. Ford said, "Any customer can have a car painted any colour that he wants so long as it is black".

On January 1, 1919, after unsuccessfully seeking a seat in the United States Senate, Henry Ford turned the presidency of Ford Motor Company over to his son Edsel, although still maintaining a firm hand in its management - few company decisions under Edsel"s presidency were made without approval by Henry, and those few that were, Henry often reversed. Also at this time, Henry and Edsel purchased all remaining stock from other investors, thus becoming sole owners of the company. The company remained privately held by the family until 1956, when the family allowed a public offering of a portion of the company without ceding control.

By the mid 1920"s, sales of the Model T began to decline due to rising competition. Other auto makers offered payment plans through which consumers could buy their cars, which usually included more modern mechanical features and styling not available with the Model T. Despite urgings from Edsel, Henry steadfastly refused to incorporate new features into the Model T or to form a customer credit plan.

The Model T"s key to success was the fact that it had been made in the assembly line, which allowed for many different cars to be made consecutively, identically and much faster than other hand made vehicles. The cars sales triggered the modern era of vehicles. For the first time everyone could own a car, the downside was that every Model T produced after 1913, (the year the assembly line was created) was painted black because the paint dried a lot faster than any other color. The Model T was a very simple car, as simple as it could be made. One screw held 10 or 20 parts. But that"s what made it unique. Henry Ford"s assembly line was so unique that it turned the Ford Motor Company into a Giant, (and became a tool for every other industry that creates merchandise in the assembly line, of course the assembly line does not use people anymore, but uses robots) while the other car companies were still stuck with the technologies of the earlier days. By 1928 there were about 30 million cars world wide. Half of these were Ford Model Ts.

The Model A and later.

By 1926, flagging sales of the Model T convinced Henry of what Edsel had been suggesting for some time: a new model was necessary. The elder Ford pursued the project with a great deal of technical expertise in design of the engine, chassis, and other mechanical necessities, while leaving it to his son to develop the body design. Edsel also managed to prevail over his father"s initial objections in the inclusion of a sliding-shift transmission. The result was the highly successful Ford Model A, introduced December, 1927 and produced through 1931, with a total output of over four million automobiles. Subsequently, the company adopted an annual model change system similar to that in use by automakers today.

During the thirties, Ford also overcame his objection to finance companies, and the Ford-owned Universal Credit Company became a major car financing operation.

Henry Ford long had an interest in plastics developed from agricultural products, especially soybeans. Soybean-based plastics were used in Ford automobiles throughout the 1930s in plastic parts such as car horns, in paint, etc. This project culminated in 1942, when on January 13 Ford patented an automobile made almost entirely of plastic, attached to a tubular welded frame. It weighed 30% less than a standard car of the same size, and was said to be able to withstand blows ten times greater than could steel. Furthermore, it ran on grain alcohol (ethanol) instead of gasoline. The design never caught on.

On May 26, 1943, Edsel Ford died, leaving a vacancy in the company presidency. Henry Ford advocated Harry Bennett to take the spot. Edsel"s widow Eleanor, who had inherited Edsel"s voting stock, wanted her son Henry Ford II to take over the position. The issue was settled for a period when Henry himself, at the age of 79, took over the presidency personally. Henry Ford II was released from the navy and became an executive vice president, while Harry Bennett had a seat on the board and was responsible for personnel, labor relations, and public relations.

The company saw hard times during the next two years, losing $10 million a month. President Franklin D. Roosevelt considered a federal bailout for Ford Motor Company so that wartime production could continue. By 1945 Henry Ford"s senility was quite evident, and his wife and daughter-in-law forced his resignation in favor of his grandson, Henry Ford II.

Ford"s labor philosophy.

Henry Ford had very specific thoughts on relations with his employees. On January 5, 1914 Ford announced his five-dollar a day program. The program called for a reduction in length of the workday from 9 to 8 hours and a raise in minimum daily pay from $2.34 to $5 for qualifying workers. Ford labeled the increased compensation as profit sharing rather than wages. The wage was offered to men over the age of 22, who had worked at the company for 6 months or more, and, importantly, conducted their lives in a manner of which Ford approved. The company established a Sociological Department complete with 150 investigators and support staff in order to verify this last point. Even with these requirements a large percentage of workers were able to qualify for the profit sharing.

In 1926, Ford instituted the five-day, forty-hour work-week, effectively inventing the modern weekend. In granting workers an extra day off, Ford ensured leisure time for the working class. The "short week" as Ford called it in a contemporary interview, was required so that the country could "absorb its production and stay prosperous".

Conversely, Ford was adamantly against labor unions in his plants. To forestall union activity, he promoted Harry Bennett, a former Navy boxer, to be the head of the Service Department. Bennett employed various intimidation tactics to squash union organizing. The most famous incident, in 1937, was a bloody brawl between company security men and organizers that became known as The Battle of the Overpass.

Ford was the last Detroit automaker to recognize the United Auto Workers union (UAW). A sit-down strike by the UAW union on April 2, 1941 closed the River Rouge Plant. Under pressure from Edsel and his wife, Clara, Henry Ford finally agreed to collective bargaining at Ford plants, and the first contract with the UAW was signed in June 1941.

Ford suffered an initial stroke in 1938, after which he turned over the running of his company to Edsel. Edsel"s 1943 death brought Henry Ford out of retirement. In ill health, he ceded the presidency to his grandson Henry Ford II on September 21, 1945, and went into retirement. He died in 1947 of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 83 in Fair Lane, his Dearborn estate, and is buried in the Ford Cemetery in Detroit.

O.Henry is the pen name of the famous American writer William Sydney Porter. He is well-known for his short stories with surprising ends. Most of the stories are optimistic as he wrote about poor people and felt great pity for them. His stories are full of love and wonders. His characters struggle to be happy and they succeed. But his life was full of tragic events.

Read the short biography of O. Henry to get to know this American writer. His stories are waiting for you to be read. Do start, please!

The Biography of O. Henry

Part One

He was born on September 11, 1862 in Greensboro, North Carolina. His life was full of sorrow from the early childhood. When William was three, his mother died. His father, a penniless physician, became to drink hard and soon turned into a good-for-nothing alcoholic.

He was raised by his grandmother and aunt. He spent his childhood in North Carolina. He received only formal education at the school of his Aunt Lina, where he developed a lifelong love of books. But at the age of fifteen he had to leave school and begin to work in a drugstore of his uncle. It was bad for his health to spend all day long being surrounded with different medicines, mixtures for cough and powders. His health began to worsen. That’s why he went to Texas and began to work on a sheep ranch. He was twenty at that time. Some time later he moved to Houston, where he had a number of jobs, including that of a bank clerk.

In 1884 Porter moved to Austin and started a humorous magazine The Rolling Stone. It was at that time that he began drinking.

In 1887 he married Athol Estes Roach; they had a daughter. The magazine failed and he had to work as a reporter to support his family.

In 1894 Porter was accused of having stolen money from the bank, where he had worked before. Being afraid to be put into prison he had to leave his wife and the young daughter in Austin and flee to New Orleans, then to Honduras. Little is known about Porter’s stay in Central America. He rambled in South America and Mexico. But after hearing news that his wife was dying, he returned in 1897 to Austin. He was in time for saying his last words to her. She died some days later.

At once after the funeral the police arrested William. He was found guilty and sentenced to five years in an Ohio prison. He kept silence during the trial.

There are still some doubts if he was guilty or not. Indeed he badly needed money at that time for his ill wife and for publishing his magazine, but on the other hand the owners of the bank were sure to have unclean hands.

While in prison William Porter started to write short stories to earn money to support his daughter Margaret. On receiving money for his first story he bought and sent her a Christmas gift.

It is believed that Porter found his pen name while in prison; one of the guards was called Orrin Henry.

He never spoke about those years. But it was there, in prison, he wrote his first story. It was called « «. Before sending it to newspaper, he read the story to his cellmates. One of them remembered: “ From that minute when Porter began to read his story in his low soft a little stuttering voice a dead silence fell in the cell. We were afraid to move. At last Raindler sighed deeply and rubbed his eyes with his mutilated hand. “Damn you, Porter. It is for the first time in my life. Before I have never known what a tear is”.

Three years later, he emerged from prison and changed his name to O. Henry. He moved to New York City.

His stories gained an immediate success among readers. One of the reasons was that the readers of American newspapers didn’t like long stories. They couldn’t stand philosophy and tragic endings.

He signed a contract with a New York magazine for a 100 dollars for a story. It was very good money for those times. But the point was that he must send a story every week. Such furious pace of work could kill even a healthier person than O. Henry. He worked from morning till night and when he lacked in plots he had to buy them from his friends. He worked like a machine. He became tired and exhausted. Besides he drank. He ruined his health.

The Biography O. Henry. Рart Two

But his stories didn’t bring him money. It was the editors and publishers who became rich. O. Henry was a weak nature, very unpractical, he never bargained, never agued about money. If he was told that he had owed 175 dollars, but he knew that the sum was not more than 25, he didn’t say a word but simply gave the required sum and left.

Being a very reserved person he avoided public and preferred being alone, he didn’t give interview. He liked to wander about the streets of New York for several days, spending nights on the benches in the parks. Coming back home he locked himself up inside his room and wrote, wrote and wrote….

It was there in the streets of New York which he called «Bagdad-on-the-Subway» (Багдад -над -подземкой) he found the charachters for his stories. Wandering he got to know the big city, his sounds and lights, his hopes and tears, his sensations, his failures. O. Henry said «There are stories in everything. I’ve got some of my best plots from park benches, lampposts, and newspaper stands.»

He was a poet of New York underworld. He was a dreamer of narrow lanes. And there in those narrow streets appeared his Cinderellas and Quixotes [`kwiksət] who were always ready to help hopeless and dying to make a story with a happy end.

O. Henry lived in New York for ten years before his death in 1910. He published over 300 stories and became a favorite short story writer all over the world.

The last days of his life he spent in a poor room at a hotel. He was very ill and could not work. O. Henry died on the 5 th of June in 1910, in New York at the age of forty seven. He died penniless.

This is short biograpghy of O.Henry. More the information about the life of the writer you will find on the websites:

1. Ford, Henry (1863-1947), American industrialist, best known for his pioneering achievements in the automobile industry. Ford was born on a farm near Dearborn, Michigan, on July 30, 1863, and educated in district schools. He became a machinist"s apprentice in Detroit at the age of 16. From 1888 to 1899 he was a
mechanical engineer, and later chief engineer, with the Edison Illuminating
Company. In 1893, after experimenting for several years in his leisure hours, he
completed the construction of his first automobile, and in 1903 he founded the
Ford Motor Company.
2. In 1913 Ford began using standardized interchangeable parts and assembly-line techniques in his plant. Although Ford neither originated nor was the first to employ such practices, he was chiefly responsible for their general adoption and for the consequent great expansion of American industry and the raising of the American standard of living. By early 1914 this innovation, although greatly increasing productivity, had resulted in a monthly labor turnover of 40 to 60 percent in his factory, largely because of the unpleasant monotony of assembly-line work and repeated increases in the production quotas assigned to workers. Ford met this difficulty by doubling the daily wage then standard in the industry, raising it from about $2.50 to $5.
3. The net result was increased stability in his labor force and a substantial
reduction in operating costs. These factors, coupled with the enormous increase
in output made possible by new technological methods, led to an increase in
company profits from $30 million in 1914 to $60 million in 1916. In 1908 the
Ford company initiated production of the celebrated Model T. Until 1927, when
the Model T was discontinued in favor of a more up-to-date model, the company
produced and sold about 15 million cars.

1. Ford, Henry (1863-1947), American industrialist, best known for his pioneering achievements in the automobile industry. Ford was born on a farm near Dearborn, Michigan, on July 30, 1863, and educated in district schools. He became a machinist"s apprentice in Detroit at the age of 16. From 1888 to 1899 he was a mechanical engineer, and later chief engineer, with the Edison Illuminating Company. In 1893, after experimenting for several years in his leisure hours, he completed the construction of his first automobile, and in 1903 he founded the Ford Motor Company. 2. In 1913 Ford began using standardized interchangeable parts and assembly-line techniques in his plant. Although Ford neither originated nor was the first to employ such practices, he was chiefly responsible for their general adoption and for the consequent great expansion of American industry and the raising of the American standard of living. By early 1914 this innovation, although greatly increasing productivity, had resulted in a monthly labor turnover of 40 to 60 percent in his factory, largely because of the unpleasant monotony of assembly-line work and repeated increases in the production quotas assigned to workers. Ford met this difficulty by doubling the daily wage then standard in the industry, raising it from about $2.50 to $5. 3. The net result was increased stability in his labor force and a substantial reduction in operating costs. These factors, coupled with the enormous increase in output made possible by new technological methods, led to an increase in company profits from $30 million in 1914 to $60 million in 1916. In 1908 the Ford company initiated production of the celebrated Model T. Until 1927, when the Model T was discontinued in favor of a more up-to-date model, the company produced and sold about 15 million cars.

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Результаты (русский ) 1:

1. Форд, Генри (1863-1947), американский промышленник, самый известный за его новаторские достижения в автомобильной промышленности. Форд родился на хуторе близ Дирборн, штат Мичиган, 30 июля 1863 года, и получил образование в школах района. он стал учеником машиниста в Детройте в возрасте до 16 лет. с 1888 по 1899 год он был
инженером-механиком, а потом главным инженером, с Эдисоном освещающие
компании. в 1893 году, после экспериментов в течение нескольких лет в часы досуга, он
завершила строительство своего первого автомобиля, а в 1903 году он основал
Ford Motor Company.
2. в 1913 году Форд начал с использованием стандартизированных сменных частей и конвейерного метода в его завода. Хотя Форд ни возникла не был первым использовать такую ​​практику,он был главным виновником их общее принятие и для последующего значительного расширения американской промышленности, повышение американского уровня жизни. К началу 1914 это нововведение, хотя значительно повысить результативность работы, привели к ежемесячной текучесть кадров от 40 до 60 процентов на его фабрике,в значительной степени из-за неприятного монотонность конвейерного работы и повторил увеличение производства назначены квоты рабочих. Форд встретила эту трудность путем удвоения дневной заработной платы, чем стандартные в индустрии, подняв его с $ 2,50 до $ 5.
3. Конечным результатом была увеличена стабильность в своей рабочей силы и существенное сокращение
эксплуатационных расходов. эти факторыв сочетании с огромным увеличением
производства стало возможным благодаря новым технологическим методам, привело к увеличению прибыли компании
от $ 30 млн в 1914 году до $ 60 млн в 1916 году. В 1908 году компания Форд
инициировал производство знаменитой модели Т. до 1927 года, когда
Model T была прекращена в пользу более соответствующий современным требованиям модели, компания
не производится и продается около 15 миллионов автомобилей.

Результаты (русский ) 2:

1. Форд, Генри (1863-1947), американский промышленник, самый известный за его новаторские достижения в автомобильной промышленности. Форд родился на ферме около Дирборн, штат Мичиган, на 30 июля 1863 и получил образование в школах района. В 16 лет он стал учеником машинист в Детройте. С 1888 по 1899 он был
механика и позже главный инженер, с Эдисон освещающей
Компания. В 1893 году, после экспериментов на несколько лет в его часы досуга он
завершено строительство своего первого автомобиля, а в 1903 году он основал
Ford Motor Company.
2. В 1913 году Форд начал, с использованием стандартных взаимозаменяемых деталей и сборочных методов в своем заводе. Хотя Ford не возникла и не был первым, чтобы использовать такой практики, Он был главным образом ответственность за их общего принятия и последующего большое расширение американской промышленности и повышение американской жизни. В начале 1914 это нововведение, хотя значительно повышения производительности труда, привели к ежемесячный текучести от 40 до 60 процентов в своем заводе, во многом из-за неприятных монотонность работы сборочных и неоднократные увеличения квоты производства, назначенные для работников. Форд встретился эту трудность, удваивая ежедневной заработной платы, то стандарт в отрасли, повышение ее от около $2,50 до $5.
3. Чистый результат был повышению стабильности в его рабочей силы и существенному
сокращение эксплуатационных расходов. Эти факторы, в сочетании с огромного увеличения
производства стало возможным благодаря новых технологических методов, привело к увеличению в
компании прибыли от $30 млн в 1914 году до 60 миллионов долларов в 1916 году. В 1908 году
Ford компания начала производство знаменитого модели т. До 1927 года когда
модель T было прекращено в пользу более современную модель, компания
произвела и продала около 15 миллионов автомобилей.

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Результаты (русский ) 3:

1. Форд, Генри (1863-1947), американского Вячеславом Штыровым, известного за его новаторскую достижений в автомобильной промышленности. Форд родился на ферме недалеко от Дирборн, штат Мичиган, 30 июля 1863, и образованных в районных школ. Он стал промтеплоэнергетика, занятые в Детройте в возрасте 16 лет. С 1888 по 1899 г. он был
инженера-механика, а позднее главный инженер, с Edison освещающая
Компании. В 1893 году, после экспериментов на протяжении нескольких лет часы своего досуга, он
строительство его первой автомобильной, и в 1903 году он основал
Форд Мотор Компани.
2. В 1913 году Ford начал с помощью стандартизированных взаимозаменяемые детали и линии сборки методов в своем предприятии. Хотя Ford ни возникли и не была первой применять такой практики,Он был главным образом отвечать за их принятия и последующего большое расширение американской промышленности и подъем американской жизни. В начале 1914 года это нововведение, хотя значительно повысить производительность, привело к ежемесячной текучесть кадров от 40 процентов до 60 процентов в его на заводе,В основном из-за неприятных монотонность-линий и неоднократные увеличение квот на добычу нефти для работников. "Форд" встретился с этой трудностью, удваивая ежедневной заработной платы затем в отрасли, повышение его от около 2,50 долл. США на $5.
3. В результате была увеличена стабильность в своей рабочей силы и существенного
сокращения эксплуатационных затрат. Эти факторы,В сочетании с огромного увеличения
производства новых технологических методов, привело к увеличению расходов на
компании прибыль от $30 млн. в 1914-м году на 60 млн. долл. в 1916 году. В 1908 году
Ford компания приступила к производству прославленной модели Т. До 1927 года, когда
модель T была прекращена в пользу более свежей модели, компания
производятся и продаются около 15 млн. легковых автомобилей.

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