Великобритания: природа, климат. Растительность и животный мир Великобритании
Вы видели эти удивительные живые изгороди и цветочные клумбы, которые так популярны в Великобритании? Природа Англии отличается особой красотой и атмосферой. Посмотрите на фото, и вы почувствуете, насколько она прекрасна. Сегодня я подготовила для вас только самые интересные факты и самые красивые картинки этой удивительно красивой страны.
Климат и рельеф
Климат в Великобритании переменчивый. Самое красивое время года - весна. Сотни туристов приезжают посмотреть на рододендроны и цветение тюльпанов. Именно в этот период в стране проходит большинство выходных, хотя в целом их не так уж и много.
Лето характеризуется значительными муссонами и дождями. Но жители в этот период уезжают за город, а крупные города заполняют туристы. Осень не такая яркая, как в России. Вся страна покрывается туманами и сыростью.
Зима больше напоминает русскую осень. Температура редко опускается ниже нуля, а мороз - понятие редкое. Поэтому англичане даже не знают, что такое подледная рыбалка или даже катание на коньках на озере. А если выпадает снег хоть на пару сантиметров, вся страна останавливается: ничего не работает, транспорт стоит, люди в шоке.
Рельеф страны наполовину равнинный, с некоторой холмистостью и возвышенностями. Ближе к северу страны он становится немного гористым. Есть небольшие горы до 1,3 километров.
Реки и озера
Самое крупное озеро страны - Лох-Несс. Другие крупные по площади находятся в Шотландии и Ирландии. В Англии и Уэльсе есть несколько озер. Безумной красотой отличается озеро Бала в Уэльсе, а также Уиндермир в Англии.
А вот если вы думаете, что Темза - единственная красивая река в Великобритании - значит, вы еще не видели реку Северн. Особенно прекрасен ее вид с самолета. В стране также есть небольшие реки, которые находятся прямо в городах и придают им особую атмосферу.
Флора и фауна.
Раньше лесистость страны была намного выше, но с развитием лесохозяйственных освоений остается все меньше и меньше oaks и берез. Старинные - можно даже сказать древние, - дубы охраняются законом и сохраняются в старинных лесах.
Животный мир Великобритании представлен в основном енотами, лисами, выдрами. Они живут там, где меньше всего людей. В стране много зайцев и кроликов. Есть много амфибий: тритоны и лягушки. Насчитывается порядка 200 видов птиц. Реки страны полны лосося, форели, окуня и хариуса. Но с ежегодным загрязнением рек и озер их численность с каждый годом сокращается.
Заповедники и охрана природы.
После 1945 правительство поощряет сохранность государственных и частных лесополос. На территории страны насчитывается более 130 заповедников, на территории которых создавали научные центры по охране природы. Сейчас деятельность правительства направлена на то, чтобы создать в обществе понимание необходимости защиты environment , а также повышать населения для достижения этой цели.
Чтобы вы не заскучали, я подготовила на эту тему для вас топик на английском языке с переводом.
Давайте совместим полезное и интересное.
Great Britain is an extremely beautiful country. Every year hundreds of tourists arrive there to observe the beauty of tulips and rhododendrons. The country is very beautiful in spring. And summer is very rainy. If people are lucky enough, there will have a couple of sunny days. Autumn is very foggy and windy.
The average temperature in winter hardly ever goes below the level of 0. And also people there hardly ever see snow. If there is even a little of it, the whole country stops working.
One of the main things to see there- are the rivers and lakes of the country. The Loch Ness Lake and the river Severn are “must-see” for everyone. Their beauty is breathtaking.
So whenever you visit Great Britain - be sure to see not only Big Ben or some castles, but also get to know its amazing nature.
Великобритания-страна удивительной красоты. Каждый год сотни туристов приезжают сюда, чтобы увидеть красоту тюльпанов и рододендронов. Страна очень красивая весной. А лето очень дождливое. Если повезет, бывает и пара солнечных дней. Осенью там очень туманно и ветрено.
Средняя температура зимой почти никогда не опускается ниже уровня 0. И люди там почти никогда не видят снега. Если выпадает хоть немного, вся страна перестает работать.
Одними из главных природных красот, которые нужно увидеть там - это реки и озера страны. Озеро Лох-Несс и река Северн обязательны для просмотра каждого. Их красота захватывает дух.
Поэтому всякий раз, когда вы посещаете Великобританию - посмотрите не только Биг-Бен или несколько замков, но и познакомьтесь с ее удивительной природой.
Полезные фразы:
to observe the beauty of - наблюдать красоту (чего-либо)
to be rainy - быть дождливым
to be lucky enough - быть достаточно удачливым
the beauty is breathtaking - завораживающая красота
the average temperature - средняя температура
hardly ever - едва ли когда-либо (видел/касался)
to get to know - узнать
Уверена, что вы уже загорелись желанием поехать поскорее и самим посмотреть всю эту красоту. Но не торопитесь! Вам еще многое предстоит узнать. Чтобы максимально подготовиться к поездке - подписывайтесь на рассылку моего блога. Я позабочусь, чтобы вы отправлялись в путь с полным багажом знаний и горящими глазами.
А на сегодня я прощаюсь.
The climate in Great Britain is generally mild and temperate, due to the influence of the Gulf Stream. The southwestern winds carry the warmth and moisture into Britain. The climate in Britain is usually described as cool, temperate and humid. British people say: "Other countries have a climate, in England we have weather."
The weather in Britain changes very quickly. One day may be fine and the next day may be wet. The morning may be warm and the evening may be cool. Therefore it is natural for the people to use the comparison "as changeable as the weather" for a person who often changes his or her mood or opinion about something.
The weather is the favourite topic of conversation in Britain. When two Brits are introduced to each other, if they can"t think of anything else to talk about, they will talk about weather. When two people meet in the street, they will often say something weather-related as they pass, just to show their friendliness.
Every daily paper publishes a weather forecast. Both the radio and television give the weather forecast several times each day. The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when in rains all day long. Sometimes it rains so heavily that they say "It"s raining cats and dogs". Rainfall is more or less even throughout the year.
In the mountains there is heavier rainfall then in the plains of the south and east. The driest period is from March to June and the wettest months are from October to January. The average range of temperature (from winter to summer) is from 15 to 23 Celsius degrees above zero. During a normal summer the temperature sometimes rises above 30 degrees in the south. Winter temperatures below 10 degrees are rare. It seldom snows heavily in winter, and frost is rare. January and February are usually the coldest months, and July and August the warmest. Still the wind may bring winter cold in spring, or on summer days. Sometimes it brings whirlwinds or hurricanes. Droughts are rare.
So, we can say that British climate has three main features: it is mild, humid and changeable. That means that it is never too hot nor too cold. Winters are extremely mild. Snow may come but it melts quickly. In winter the cold is a humid cold, not of the dry variety. This humid and mild climate pattern is good for plants. Trees and flowers begin to blossom early in spring.
In British homes there has been no central heating up till recently. The fireplaces are often fired-up, but coal is not used as it"s very expensive, so people use wood instead for fireplaces. Britain doesn"t have any high-grade coal, and has to import it into the country. Many schools and universities don"t have any central heating either, and the floors there are made of stone. The typical British bedroom is especially cold, and sometimes electric blankets or hotwater bottles are used.
Britain was originally a land of vast forests, mainly oak and beech in the Lowlands and pine and birch in the Highlands, with broad stretches of marshland and smaller areas of moors. Over the course of time, much of the forest land was cleared and almost all Lowlands outside the industrial areas were cultivated. Today only about 6 per cent of the total land area remains wooded. Extensive forests remain in eastern and northern Scotland and in southeastern and western England. Oak, elm, ash, and beech are the commonest trees in England, while Scotland has a lot of pine and birch. The Highlands are largely moorland with heather, grasses and shallow soil.
In the cultivated areas that make up most of Britain, there are many wild flowers, flowering plants and grasses. The fauna or animal life of Britain is much like that of northwestern Europe, which the UK used to be a part of. Many larger mammals such as bear and wolf have been hunted to extinction, while others are now protected by law. In addition, there are many foxes. Otters are common along rivers and streams, and seals live along much of the coast. Hedgehogs, hares, rabbits, rats and mice are numerous. Deer live in some of the forests in the Highlands of Scotland and England. Some 230 species of birds live in Britain, and another 200 varieties are regular visitors, many are songbirds. The most numerous are blackbirds, sparrow and starling. Robin Redbreast is the national bird of Britain. The number of ducks, geese and other water fowl has diminished during recent years. There are many threats to both the wildlife and ecological balance around the coast. The biggest threat to the coastline is pollution. Even much-loved Blackpool is not officially safe. More than 3.500 million tons of industrial waste is pumped into the North Sea every year. "We cannot continue to use our seas as a dustbin and expect our coastline to survive," says Greenpeace. Many other ecological problems may be caused by privatization of the coast. Many of the rivers are "biologically dead", and therefore unable to support fish and wildlife.
The Climate of Great Britain (1)
Great Britain is situated on islands. It is washed by seas from all sides. That"s why the climate and the nature of Great Britain is very specific. The popular belief that it rains all the time in Britain is simply not true. In fact, London gets no more rain in a year than most other major European cities. Generally speaking, the further west you go, the more rain you get. The mild winters mean that snow is a regular feature of the higher areas only. The winters are in general a bit colder in the east of the country than they are in the west. While in summer, the south is slightly warmer and sunnier than the north. Besides Britain is famous for I fogs. Sometimes fogs are so thick that it is impossible to see anything within 2 or 3 metres.
Why has Britain"s climate got such bad reputation? Maybe it is for the same reason that British people always seem to be talking about the weather. There is a saying that Britain doesn"t have a climate, it only has weather. You can never be sure of a fry day, though it may not rain very much altogether. There can be cool and even cold days in July and some quite warm days in January.
The weather changes very often. Mark Twain said about America: "If you like the weather in New England, just wait a few minutes" but it is more likely to have been said about England. The lack of extremes is the reason why on the few occasions when it gets genuinely hot or freezing cold, the country seems to be totally unprepared for it. A bit of snow, a few days of frost and the trains stop. working and the roads are blocked. If the thermometer goes above 2ГС, people behave as if they were in Sahara and the temperature makes front-page headlines. These things happen so seldom that it is not worth organizing life to be ready for them. Everyone who comes to Great Britain says that it looks like one great beautiful park. The British people love their country and take care of it.
Климат Великобритании (1)
Великобритания расположена на островах. Со всех сторон она омывается морями. Поэтому климат и природа Великобритании очень специфичны. Распространенное мнение о том, что в Британии все время идет дождь, не совсем верное. На самом деле в Лондоне за год выпадает не больше осадков, чем в большинстве других европейских городов. В целом, чем дальше на запад, тем количество осадков больше. Мягкие зимы предполагают наличие снега только на возвышенностях. Зимы в общем более холодны на востоке страны, чем на западе. В то же время летом на юге теплее и солнечнее, чем на севере. Кроме этого, Британия знаменита своими туманами. Иногда туманы такие густые, что невозможно что-нибудь увидеть на расстоянии 2 или 3 метров.
Почему климат Британии имеет такую плохую репутацию? Может быть, это потому, что британцы, кажется, постоянно говорят о погоде. Существует поговорка, что Британия не имеет климата, она имеет только погоду. Вы никогда не можете быть уверены, что будет сухой день, хотя может и не быть сильного дождя. Могут быть прохладные и даже холодные дни в июле и теплые дни в январе.
Погода меняется очень часто. Марк Твен сказал про Америку: "Если вам не нравится погода в Новой Англии, подождите несколько минут", но это больше похоже на сказанное про Англию. Отсутствие резких контрастов - причина того, что в некоторых случаях, когда становится очень жарко или холодно, страна кажется неподготовленной к этому. Немного снега и несколько дней мороза - и перестают ходить поезда, а дороги оказываются заблокированными. Если термометр показывает больше 2ТС, люди ведут себя, как в Сахаре, а температура воздуха становится темой первых страниц газет. Но эти вещи случаются так редко, что нет смысла специально к этому готовиться. Каждый, кто приезжает в Англию, говорит, что она выглядит как один большой красивый парк. Англичане любят свою страну и заботятся о ней.
Questions:
1. Why is the climate and the nature of Great Britain very specific?
2. What is Britain famous for?
3. Why has Britain"s climate got such a bad reputation?
4. The weather in Britain is very changeable, isn"t it?
5. Does it rain often?
Vocabulary:feature - особенность
genuinely - неподдельно
fog - туман
headline - заголовокThe climate in Great Britain is generally mild and temperate due to the influence of the Gulf Stream. The south-western winds carry the warmth and moisture into Britain. The climate in Britain is usually described as cool, temperate and humid.
British people say: "Other countries have a climate, in England we have weather."
The weather in Britain changes very quickly. One day may be fine and the next day may be wet. The morning may be warm and the evening may be cool. Therefore it is natural for the people to use the comparison "as changeable as the weather" of a person who often changes his mood or opinion about something. The weather is the favourite topic of conversation in Britain. When two Englishmen are introduced to each other, if they can"t think of any thing else to talk about, they talk about weather. When two people meet in the street they will often say something about weather as they pass, just to show their friendliness.
Every daily paper publishes a weather forecast. Both the radio and television give the weather forecast several times each day.
The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when in rains all day long. Sometimes it rains so heavily that they say "It"s raining cats and dogs".
Rainfall is more or less even throughout the year. In the mountains there is heavier rainfall then in the plains of the south and east. The driest period is from March to June and the wettest months are from October to January. The average range of temperature (from winter to summer) is from 15 to 23 degrees above zero. During a normal summer the temperature sometimes rises above 30 degrees in the south. Winter temperatures below 10 degrees are rare. It seldom snows heavily in winter, the frost is rare. January and February are usually the coldest months, July and August the warmest. Still the wind may bring winter cold in spring or summer days. Sometimes it brings the whirlwinds or hurricanes. Droughts are rare.
So, we may say that the British climate has three main features: it is mild, humid and changeable. That means that it is never too hot or too cold. Winters are extremely mild. Snow may come but it melts quickly. In winter the cold is humid cold, not the dry one.
This humid and mild climate is good for plants. The trees and flowers begin to blossom early in spring.
In the British homes there has been no central heating up till recently. The fireplaces are often used. but the coal is not used as it"s very expensive. Britain has no good coal now and imports it itself. Many schools and universities have no central heating either, and the floors there are made of stone. The British bedroom is especially cold, sometimes electric blankets or hotwater bottles are used.
VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE
Britain was originally a land of vast forests. mainly oak and beech in the Lowlands and pine and birch In the Highlands, with great stretches of marshland and smaller areas of moors. In the course of time, much forest land was cleared and almost all Lowlands outside the industrial areas were put under cultivation. Today only about 6 per cent of the total land area remains wooded.
Extensive forests remain in eastern and northern Scotland and in south-eastern and western England. Oak, elm, ash, and beech are the commonest trees in England, while Scotland has much pine and birch. The Highlands with thin soil are largely moorland with heather and grasses. In the cultivated areas that make up most of Britain there are many wild flowers, flowering plants and grasses.
The fauna or animal life of Britain is much like that of north-western Europe, to which it was once joined. Many larger mammals such as bear, wolf have been hunted to extinction, others are now protected by law. There are many foxes. Otters are common along rivers and streams, and seals live along much of the coast. Hedgehogs, hares, rabbits, rats and mice are numerous. Deer live in some of the forests in the Highlands of Scotland and England.
Some 230 kinds of birds live in Britain, and another 200 are regular visitors, many are songbirds. The most numerous are blackbirds, sparrow and starling. Robin Redbreast is the national bird of Britain. The number of ducks, geese and other water fowl has diminished during recent years.
There are many threats to wildlife and ecological balance around the coast. The biggest threat to the coastline is pollution. Even much-loved.
Blackpool is not officially asafe. More than 3.500 million tons of industrial waste is pumped into the North Sea every year. "We cannot continue to use our seas as a dustbin and expect our coastline to survive," says Greenpeace. Many other ecological problems may be caused by privatization of the coast. Many of the rivers are "biologically dead", i.e. unable to support fish and wildlife.
The climate in Great Britain is generally mild and temperate due to the influence of the Gulf Stream. The south-western winds carry the warmth and moisture into Britain. The climate in Britain is usually described as cool, temperate and humid.
British people say: "Other countries have a climate, in England we have weather."
The weather in Britain changes very quickly. One day may be fine and the next day may be wet. The morning may be warm and the evening may be cool. Therefore it is natural for the people to use the comparison "as changeable as the weather" of a person who often changes his mood or opinion about something. The weather is the favourite topic of conversation in Britain. When two Englishmen are introduced to each other, if they can"t think of any thing else to talk about, they talk about weather. When two people meet in the street they will often say something about weather as they pass, just to show their friendliness.
Every daily paper publishes a weather forecast. Both the radio and television give the weather forecast several times each day.
The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when in rains all day long. Sometimes it rains so heavily that they say "It"s raining cats and dogs".
Rainfall is more or less even throughout the year. In the mountains there is heavier rainfall then in the plains of the south and east. The driest period is from March to June and the wettest months are from October to January. The average range of temperature (from winter to summer) is from 15 to 23 degrees above zero. During a normal summer the temperature sometimes rises above 30 degrees in the south. Winter temperatures below 10 degrees are rare. It seldom snows heavily in winter, the frost is rare. January and February are usually the coldest months, July and August the warmest. Still the wind may bring winter cold in spring or summer days. Sometimes it brings the whirlwinds or hurricanes. Droughts are rare.
So, we may say that the British climate has three main features: it is mild, humid and changeable. That means that it is never too hot or too cold. Winters are extremely mild. Snow may come but it melts quickly. In winter the cold is humid cold, not the dry one.
This humid and mild climate is good for plants. The trees and flowers begin to blossom early in spring.
In the British homes there has been no central heating up till recently. The fireplaces are often used. but the coal is not used as it"s very expensive. Britain has no good coal now and imports it itself. Many schools and universities have no central heating either, and the floors there are made of stone. The British bedroom is especially cold, sometimes electric blankets or hotwater bottles are used.