Биография ньютона на английском языке. Исаак Ньютон; Isaac Newton — Топик по английскому языку

Isaac Newton was one of the world"s greatest scientists. He did research in mathematics, physics, astronomy and many other fields.

Newton was born in 1642. He worked on his family"s farm but was not really interested in farming. His father died before Isaac was born. In his childhood he spent much time with his grandmother. Newton didn"t have many friends and never married.

Newton did most of his scientific work at Cambridge, where he was a professor for many years. Although some other scientists criticized his work, he was admired throughout Europe. Queen Anne made Newton a knight. He died in 1727 and was buried at Westminster Abbey in London.

Isaac Newton was very ambitious young scientist who carried out his experiments very accurately. His main theory was that everything in nature could be explained through mathematics. Not all scientists had the same opinion.

Newton was an astronomer, who studied the Earth, the planets and stars. He became well-known for theories of gravity, in which he claimed that all objects of the universe have a gravitational force that pulled other objects towards them. An apple is pulled to the Earth"s surface just like the Earth is being pulled towards the sun. He also showed that planets move around the sun in ellipses. His theory of gravity dominated physics for some time.

He also conducted experiments with light and found out that normal light is made up of many colors. He used prisms to break up light into a rainbow of colors. Newton invented a new kind of telescope that used lenses. It made objects look bigger.

In his book "The Mathematical Principles" Newton describes the three laws of motion:

Every moving object keeps moving until something stops it. An object that lies on the ground continues to lie there until a force sets it in motion.

Acceleration happens when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass the more force must be applied to move the object. For example, you need more force to push a car than you need to push a bike.

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. A rocket, for example, pushes down on the ground with its engines; the opposite action moves the rocket into the sky.

These principles were very difficult to understand at that time. Only few people really knew what Newton meant.

Newton also devoted a great deal of his life to alchemy. He studied it closely and believed that he was a special person who had magic powers and secret wisdom to change substances and objects. Newton wanted to keep these studies to himself; therefore he did not publish any of his alchemist works. At that time alchemy was a much-discussed topic that not everyone accepted.

Although Newton was one of the great scientists of his time, he based his work on the discoveries of Galileo and other scientists who lived before him. Scientists of following generations admired Newton"s work. Albert Einstein, 20th century scientist, thought highly of Newton"s work although his theory of general relativity moved away from his ideas.

Isaac Newton (25.12.1642 - 20.03.1727) - English physicist, mathematician and astronomer.

Isaac Newton was born on 25 December 1642 at Woolsthorpe Manor in Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, Lincolnshire, England. His father was a wealthy farmer, who died 3 months before the birth of Isaac. His mother, Hannah Ayscough, married for the second time when Newton was three years old. Afterwards she left Isaac in the care of his grandmother and began to live with her new husband.

When Newton was twelve he was admitted to The King’s School, Grantham. He studied there until seventeen. Newton abhorred farming but his mother wanted him to manage a household.

From 1661 he was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. Four years later Newton discovered the generalized binomial theorem.

Isaac Newton made a lot of discoveries in mathematics, physics, astronomy and other sciences. One of the most famous books of Newton is Philosophi? Naturalis Principia Mathematica. It was published in 1687. There are a lot of important discoveries in this book including universal gravitation and three laws of motion. The first practical reflecting telescope was also invented by Newton. Between 1670 and 1672 he studied optics. As a result Newton showed that a prism could decompose white light into a spectrum of colours. Isaac Newton is an author of the development of differential and integral calculus and he shares this mathematical discovery with Gottfried Leibniz. As legend has it Newton developed the theory of gravitation when he watched an apple that fell from a tree. Isaac Newton also attempted to predict the end of the world and he supposed that the world would end no earlier than 2060.

It should be noted that Isaac Newton was religious and studied theology. According to different sources he was Antitrinitarian. Newton studied the Bible and published some of his theological researches.

Newton also devoted his time to alchemy but he didn’t publish any alchemical works. It is known that mercury was found in his hair after his death. According to the suppositions this was a result of his alchemical experiments.

It is also known that between 1689 and 1690 and in 1701 Isaac Newton was a member of the Parliament of England. Isaac Newton never married and died intestate.

He spent last years of his life in the residence at Cranbury Park, near Winchester. He died in London in 1727. Isaac Newton was interred in Westminster Abbey. Many scientists consider Newton to be the greatest genius in the history of mankind.

Newton, one of the greatest scientists of all times was born in 1642 in the little village in Lincolnshire, England. His father was a farmer and died before Newton was born. His mother was a clever woman whom he always loved.

After the school, Newton studied mathematics at Cambridge university and received his degree in 1665. Then the university was closed because of the danger of plague and Newton went home for eighteen months. It was most important period in his life when he made his three great discoveries — the discoveries of the differential calculuses, of the nature of white light, and of the law of gravitation.

These discoveries are still important for the modern science. Newton had always been interested in the problems of light. Many people saw colours of a rainbow but only Newton showed, by his experiments, that white light consists of these colours.

It is interesting how he discovered the law gravitation. Once, as he sat at the garden, his attention was drawn by the fall of an apple. Many people saw such an usual thing before.

But it was Newton who asked himself a question: "Why does that apple fall perpendicularly to the ground? Why doesn"t it go sidewards or upwards?" The answer to this question was the theory of gravitation, discovered by Newton.

Newton died at the age of 84, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, where his monument stands today.

Перевод текста: Isaac Newton - Исаак Ньютон

Ньютон, один из величайших ученых всех времен, родился в 1642 году в маленькой деревеньке в графстве, Линкольншир в Англии. Его отец был фермером и умер, прежде чем родился Ньютон. Его мать была умной женщиной, которую он всегда любил.

После школы Ньютон изучал математику в Кембриджском университете и в 1665 году получил ученую степень. Затем университет закрылся из-за угрозы чумы, и Ньютон уехал домой на полтора года. Это был самый важный период в его жизни, когда он сделал три великих открытия — открытие дифференциального исчисления, природы белого света и закона всемирного тяготения.

Эти открытия все еще важны для современной науки. Ньютон всегда интересовался проблемами света. Многие видели цвета радуги, но только Ньютон в результате своих экспериментов доказал, что белый свет состоит из этих цветов.

Любопытно то, как он открыл закон всемирного тяготения. Однажды, когда он сидел в саду, его внимание привлекло падение яблока. Многие люди видели это обыкновенное явление прежде.

Но именно Ньютон спросил себя: "Почему яблоко падает перпендикулярно земле? Почему оно не летит в сторону или вверх?" Ответом на этот вопрос стала теория гравитации.

Ньютон умер в возрасте 84 лет и был похоронен в Вестминстерском аббатстве, где и находится сейчас памятник в его честь.

Использованная литература:
1. 100 тем английского устного (Каверина В., Бойко В., Жидких Н.) 2002
2. Английский язык для школьников и поступающих в ВУЗы. Устный экзамен. Топики. Тексты для чтения. Экзаменационные вопросы. (Цветкова И. В., Клепальченко И.А., Мыльцева Н.А.)
3. English, 120 Topics. Английский язык, 120 разговорных тем. (Сергеев С.П.)

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Топик по английскому языку: Исаак Ньютон (Isaac Newton). Данный текст может быть использован в качестве презентации, проекта, рассказа, эссе, сочинения или сообщения на тему.

Рождение

Исаак Ньютон родился 4 января 1643 в Уолстропе, Линкольншир. Его отец был преуспевающим фермером, но умер за три месяца до его рождения.

Образование

В 1661 он поступил в Кембриджский университет, где заинтересовался математикой, оптикой, физикой и астрономией. В 1665 университет был закрыт из-за эпидемии чумы и Ньютон вернулся домой. Два года, которые он там провел, были чрезвычайно плодотворными. Он сделал три своих знаменитых открытия – открытие дифференциальных исчислений, природы естественного освещения и закона гравитации.

Изобретения

В 1667 Ньютон вернулся в Кембридж, где стал членом колледжа Тринити. Через два года он был назначен вторым профессором математики в Лукасиане. Научное общество обратило свое внимание на Ньютона после его изобретения отражающего телескопа в 1668. В 1672 он стал членом Королевского общества. С середины 1960-х Ньютон провел серию экспериментов о композиции света. Многие люди видели цвета радуги, но только Ньютон показал, что белый свет состоит из них. В 1704 Ньютон издал «Оптику», которая имела дело со светом и цветом. Он также изучал и публиковал произведения по истории, теологии и алхимии.

Величайшая работа

В 1687 Ньютон издал свою величайшую работу «Математические принципы естественной философии», которая показала, как притяжение применимо ко всем объектам во всех частях вселенной.

Работа при дворе

Ньютон был избран членом Парламента Кембриджского университета в 1689. Затем, в 1696 он был назначен смотрителем Королевского монетного двора. Он исполнял свои обязанности при дворе очень серьезно и выступал против коррупции и неэффективности внутри организации. В 1703 он был избран президентом Королевского общества, этот пост он удерживал до смерти.

Смерть

К началу 1700 Исаак Ньютон был главной фигурой в британской и европейской науке. Он умер 31 марта 1727 и был похоронен в Вестминстерском аббатстве.

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Isaac Newton

Birth

Isaac Newton was born on 4 January 1643 in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire. His father was a prosperous farmer, who died three months before Newton was born.

Education

In 1661, he went to Cambridge University where he became interested in mathematics, optics, physics and astronomy. In October 1665 the university was closed because of a plague epidemic and Newton returned home. The two years he spent there were an extremely fruitful time: he made his three great discoveries - the discoveries of the differential calculus, of the nature of white light, and of the law of gravitation.

Inventions

In 1667, Newton returned to Cambridge, where he became a fellow of Trinity College. Two years later he was appointed second Lucasian professor of mathematics. The attention of the scientific community was drawn to Newton after his invention of the reflecting telescope in 1668. In 1672 he was made a fellow of the Royal Society. From the mid-1660s, Newton conducted a series of experiments on the composition of light. Many people saw colours of a rainbow but only Newton showed that white light consisted of these colours. In 1704, Newton published ‘The Opticks’ which dealt with light and colour. He also studied and published works on history, theology and alchemy.

His greatest work

In 1687 Newton published his greatest work “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy”, which showed how a universal force, gravity, applied to all objects in all parts of the universe.

Royal Society

Newton was elected Member of Parliament for Cambridge University in 1689. Then, in 1696 he was appointed warden of the Royal Mint. He took his duties at the Mint very seriously and campaigned against corruption and inefficiency within the organisation. In 1703, he was elected president of the Royal Society, an office he held until his death.

Death

By the early 1700s Isaac Newton was the dominant figure in British and European science. He died on 31 March 1727 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

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Isaac Newton

Newton, one of the greatest scientists of all times was born in 1642 in the little village in Lincolnshire, England. His father was a farmer and died before Newton was born. His mother was a clever woman whom he always loved.
After the school, Newton studied mathematics at Cambridge university and received his degree in 1665. Then the university was closed because of the danger of plague and Newton went home for eighteen months. It was most important period in his life when he made his three great discoveries - the discoveries of the differential calculuses, of the nature of white light, and of the law of gravitation.
These discoveries are still important for the modern science. Newton had always been interested in the problems of light. Many people saw colours of a rainbow but only Newton showed, by his experiments, that white light consists of these colours.
It is interesting how he discovered the law gravitation. Once, as he sat at the garden, his attention was drawn by the fall of an apple. Many people saw such an usual thing before.
But it was Newton who asked himself a question: "Why does that apple fall perpendicularly to the ground? Why doesn"t it go sidewards or upwards?" The answer to this question was the theory of gravitation, discovered by Newton.
Newton died at the age of 84, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, where his monument stands today.

Исаак Ньютон

Ньютон, один из величайших ученых всех времен, родился в 1642 году в маленькой деревеньке в графстве, Линкольншир в Англии. Его отец был фермером и умер, прежде чем родился Ньютон. Его мать была умной женщиной, которую он всегда любил.
После школы Ньютон изучал математику в Кембриджском университете и в 1665 году получил ученую степень. Затем университет закрылся из-за угрозы чумы, и Ньютон уехал домой на полтора года. Это был самый важный период в его жизни, когда он сделал три великих открытия - открытие дифференциального исчисления, природы белого света и закона всемирного тяготения.
Эти открытия все еще важны для современной науки. Ньютон всегда интересовался проблемами света. Многие видели цвета радуги, но только Ньютон в результате своих экспериментов доказал, что белый свет состоит из этих цветов.
Любопытно то, как он открыл закон всемирного тяготения. Однажды, когда он сидел в саду, его внимание привлекло падение яблока. Многие люди видели это обыкновенное явление прежде.
Но именно Ньютон спросил себя: "Почему яблоко падает перпендикулярно земле? Почему оно не летит в сторону или вверх?" Ответом на этот вопрос стала теория гравитации.
Ньютон умер в возрасте 84 лет и был похоронен в Вестминстерском аббатстве, где и находится сейчас памятник в его честь.

Questions:

1. When and where was Newton born?
2. Where did he study?
3. What three major discoveries did Newton make?
4. When did Newton make these discoveries?
5. How did the idea which led to the discovery of the law
of gravitation first come to him?
6. When did Newton die and where is he buried?

Vocabulary:

degree - ученая степень
plague - чума
discovery - открытие
differential calculuses - дифференциальное исчисление
law of gravitation - закон всемирного тяготения
rainbow - радуга
to draw - привлекать
perpendicularly - перпендикулярно
sidewards - в сторону
upwards - вверх
abbey - аббатство